The elements of productivity and their contribution to high level of crop yield (based on spring barley researches)

2022

The current study was carried out in 2017–2021 in the Competitive Variety Testing on the basis of the ISPA of the FSBSI “FRAC VIM”. The soil of the experimental plot was dark gray forest, heavy loamy in granulometric composition, of medium fertility. The hydrothermal conditions of the vegetation periods differed significantly in terms of the mean daily air temperature and the sum of effective temperatures, and the amount of precipitation. The years of 2018 and 2021 were characterized with very dry conditions with HThC of 0.51–0.64. The years of 2017, 2019 were arid with HThC of 0.72–0.85. The years of 2020 was humid, with a moisture coefficient of 1.34. The purpose of the current study was to establish the effect of weather conditions of the Ryazan region on the interstage periods, the yield structure and productivity of the spring barley variety ‘Yaromir’. There has been found a correlation between the length of vegetation period with the amount of precipitation and HThC in the interstage periods of ‘germination-tillering’ (r = +0.571 and r = +0.607, respectively), ‘tillering-coming into ear’ (r = +0.735 and r = +0.655, respectively) and ‘filling-ripening’ (r = +0.881 and r = +0.967, respectively). Strong positive correlations were found between ‘amount of precipitation’ and the yield structure elements of the variety, namely ‘number of productive stems per 1 m2 ’ (r = +0.969), ‘productive tilling capacity’ (r = +0.947), ‘plant height’ (r = +0.827). Mean correlations were found between ‘amount of precipitation’ and ‘length of head’ (r = +0.562) and ‘number of kernels per head’ (r = +0.453). Negative mean correlations were found between ‘amount of precipitation’ and ‘1000-kernel weight’ (r = -0.654). There has been established that the average daily air temperature of the vegetation period had no effect on the formation of the yield structure elements of this variety. There have been identified average correlations between ‘sum of effective temperatures’ and ‘productive tillering’ (r = +0.352) and ‘length of head’ (r = +0.538). Weather conditions did not have a significant effect on grain productivity of the variety. There has been noted a slight effect of precipitation and HThC in the period ‘tillering-coming into ear’. The minimum variation in the productivity over the years (Cv = 3.5%) and revealing 95.1% of productivity potential indicates that this variety is characterized by stable productivity and adaptability to the weather conditions of this region.

The effect of weather conditions on the spring barley variety ‘Yaromir’ and its productivity in the Ryazan region

2022

New spring barley variety ‘Rafael’ adapted to the conditions of the Central region

Гладышева

Ерошенко

2023

The purpose of the current study was to identify and present the most economically valuable features of the new spring barley variety ‘Rafael’ in the conditions of the Central region. There was developed a new spring barley variety ‘Rafael’ based on the Governmental task of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Research Center “Nemchinovka”, (FRC “Nemchinovka” (Moscow Region)) No. 0608-2019-0011 and the Institute of Seed Production and Agrotechnologies, a branch of the FSBSI “Federal Research Agro-engineering Center VIM” (ISPA, a branch of FSBSI FRAEC VIM (Ryazan region)) No. 0581-2019-0021. In 2020–2021 the variety was tested in the State Variety Testing. In 2022, the variety was included in the State List of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation and approved for use in the Central (3) and Volga-Vyatka (4) regions. The code of the variety is 8057530. There was received the patent No. 12254. Breeding number 35/1-09 h 662 was obtained when crossing the lodging-resistant variety ‘Ksanadu’ and the breeding lines 27/13-78 h 34 (‘Moskovsky 121 x Highproli’), identified from the genetic collection according to a complex resistance to helminthosporiasis of barley and soil drought. The analysis of long-term data (2014–2019) has shown that under various agrometeorological conditions of the environmental trials, the variety was characterized by improved productivity in comparison with the standard variety ‘Yaromir ‘and varieties of earlier breeding. In the experimental crop rotation FRC “Nemchinovka” exceeded the mean value of productivity on 0.44 t/ha, the productivity increase was on 0.68 t/ha more than that of the standard variety, and on 1.08 t/ha more than that of the parental variety ‘Ksanadu’. In the fields, the ISPA, a branch of FSBSI FRAEC VIM exceeded the standard variety on 0.09 t/ha, providing a mean productivity of 6.85 t/ha. The maximum value of the indicator of the variety stability level (PSSS = 141.6%) has characterized a high degree of variety adaptation to various environmental conditions. The economic efficiency calculation has shown an increased profitability of the new variety on 17.0–20.8% compared to the widespread varieties. The introduction of this variety into production can significantly improve and stabilize gross barley productivity in the Central and Volga-Vyatka regions of Russia, increase profitability of enterprises and provide the feed industry with domestic raw materials.

Comparative analysis of grain productivity and biometric elements of winter wheat varieties depending on the variety change periods

Гладышева

Kostanyants

2023

The current study was carried out at the Institute of Seed production and Agrotechnologies, Branch of the Federal Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Research Agro-Engineering Center VIM” (Ryazan region) on dark gray forest soil of medium fertility (organic matter content 5.60 %) in 2018–2022. The objects of the study were 9 winter common wheat varieties (developed by the FSBSI FRC “Nemchinovka” and FSBSI FRAC VIM), which were included in the State List of Breeding Achievements from 2005–2023 in the Central region of the Non-Blackearth part of the Russian Federation and divided according to the variety change periods, i.e. period V with ‘Galina’, ‘Angelina’, ‘Moskovskaya 56’, ‘Viola’; period VI with ‘Danaya’, ‘Felitsiya’, ‘Galateya’, ‘Anfisa’, ‘Boyarka’. The purpose of the study was to analyze the grain yield and biometric elements of its structural indicators in the winter common wheat varieties, depending on the variety change periods in the conditions of the southern part of the Central region of the Russian Federation. During the study, there has been established an excess of the average (by 15.9 %), minimum (by 27.9 %) and maximum (by 8.3 %) productivity of varieties of the last variety change period with 5.2 % advantage in realizing the yield potential (average 74.5 %) and adaptability coefficient by 17.4 % (average value over 1.0). The variety ‘Galateya’ has high values of productivity potential with adaptability coefficient of 1.12. There has been established that in modern varieties there was a decrease in the stem length by 5.9 cm on average. The shortest varieties were ‘Viola’, ‘Felitsiya’, ‘Anfisa’ and ‘Boyarka’ with 96–97 cm. There has been established that the varieties of the period VI experienced a stem augmentation on 12.7 %, number of grains per head on 2.5 %, grain weight per head on 11.7 % and 1000-grain weight on 4.2 % in comparison with the varieties of the previous selection. A significant contribution to the productivity of new varieties (r ≥ +0.700) was made by the traits ‘number of grains per head’ and ‘grain weight per head’. The variety ‘Anfisa’ had the longest head of 11.3 cm. The varieties ‘Galateya’, ‘Felitsiya’, and ‘Boyarka’ had number of grains per head more than 42.0 pcs., and grain weight per head of more than 2.0 g. All varieties of the last variety change had large grain, m1000 > 46.0 g, the variety ‘Galateya’ had especially coarse grain of 49.1 g.