The Elspeetsche Veld experiment on surface exchange of trace gases: Summary of results

Erisman, J. W.; Elzakker, B.G. van; Mennen, M.G.; Hogenkamp, J.E.M.; Zwart, E.; Beld, L. Van Den; Römer, F. G.; Bobbink, Roland; Heil, G. W.; Raessen, M.; Duyzer, J.H.; H, Verhage; Wyers, G.P.; Otjes, R.P.; Möls, J.J.

doi:10.1016/1352-2310(94)90126-0

Cited by 56 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Using a set of restrictive criteria (Garrat, 1980;Erisman et al, 1994b), periods with unfavourable conditions for a correct #ux calculation were removed from the data set (see Table 1). As most of the removed periods are associated with low #ux conditions, the "ltered data set lead to some overestimation of average #ux and deposition velocity for ozone, principally during nighttime periods.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal variability of ozone dry deposition under southern European climate conditions, in Portugal

Pio

Feliciano

Vermeulen

et al. 2000

Atmospheric Environment

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Ozone dry deposition measurements were carried out during approximately one year over a #at grass "eld in Portugal. The results show prominent diurnal and seasonal patterns in deposition #ux, dry deposition velocity and surface resistance, especially for the daytime period. Dry deposition velocities vary diurnally from a minimum of 0.1 cm s\ , during the night to a maximum of 0.2}0.5 cm s\ during the day. The observed canopy resistance (R ) varies from values higher than 500 s m\ , at night, to a minimum of 200 s m\ , around noon. Seasonal variation is characterised by daytime R values much larger in summer than in winter and spring, while nighttime values do not show any evident seasonal pattern. This behaviour can be ascribed to the stomatal intake, which represents the most important controlling factor on ozone dry deposition. The Wesely parameterisation scheme of surface resistance predicts R diurnal cycles reasonably well. However, the observed canopy resistance seasonal cycle is completely di!erent from Wesely predictions, since season parameters in Wesely's parameterisation were de"ned for a vegetation growing cycle di!erent from that prevailing in our conditions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal variability of ozone dry deposition under southern European climate conditions, in Portugal

Pio

Feliciano

Vermeulen

et al. 2000

Atmospheric Environment

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“…Selection criteria were derived to select the measurements under well-de"ned conditions. These selections include wind direction, wind speed, error in concentration and rapid changing conditions (e.g., Wyers and Erisman, 1998;Erisman et al, 1994). A procedure was developed to obtain monthly or annual data from the selected measurements (Erisman et al, 1998b).…”

Section: Continuous Dry Deposition Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Instrument development and application in studies and monitoring of ambient ammonia

Erisman

2001

Atmospheric Environment

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During recent years, it has become clear that ammonia is an important gas in relation to di!erent environmental issues, such as acidi"cation, eutrophication, human health and climate change (through particle formation). Therefore, there is a growing need to develop and apply instrumentation suitable for research into emission, dispersion, conversion and deposition of ammonia and ammonium. Recently, several instruments were developed suitable for measuring concentrations in ambient conditions even at very low levels, such as ammonia sensors suitable for monitoring and research, deposition measuring systems and aerosol samplers for on-line measurement of aerosol composition. These instruments have been tested and applied in a number of "eld studies. These studies include dry deposition measurements, ammonium nitrate studies in relation to the (in)direct aerosol e!ect, emission studies and policy evaluation with concentration and deposition monitoring data. The policy evaluation study showed that the measures to reduce ammonia emissions were not as successful as projected beforehand by statistical studies.

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“…However, for this paper the growth of the cereal has been taken into account. Data from Prew et al (1986) were used to estimate the surface area of the crop for each month of the year and deposition velocities from those for bare soil to a full crop Erisman et al (1994) Heathland…”

Section: Total Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen deposition and its contribution to nitrogen cycling and associated soil processes

et al. 1998

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Human activity has greatly perturbed the nitrogen cycle through increased fixation by legumes, by energy and fertilizer production, and by the mobilization of N from long-term storage pools. This extra reactive N is readily transported through the environment, and there is increasing evidence that it is changing ecosystems through eutrophication and acidification. Rothamsted Experimental Station, UK has been involved in research on N cycling in ecosystems since its inception in 1843. Measurements of precipitation composition at Rothamsted, made since 1853, show an increase of nitrate and ammonium N in precipitation from 1 and 3 kg N ha −" yr −" , respectively, in 1855 to a maximum of 8 and 10 kg N ha −" yr −" in 1980, decreasing to 4 and 5 kg N ha −" yr −" today. Nitrogen inputs via dry deposition do, however, remain high. Recent measurements with diffusion tubes and filter packs show large concentrations of nitrogen dioxide of c. 20 µg m −$ in winter and c. 10 µg m −$ in summer ; the difference is linked to the use of central heating, and with variations in wind direction and pollutant source. Concentrations of nitric acid and particulate N exhibit maxima of 1n5 and 2 µg m −$ in summer and winter, respectively. Concentrations of ammonia are small, barely rising above 1 µg m −$ .Taking deposition velocities from the literature gives a total deposition of all measured N species to winter cereals of 43n3 kg N ha −" yr −" , 84 % as oxidized species, 79 % dry deposited. The fate of this N deposited to the very long-term Broadbalk Continuous Wheat Experiment at Rothamsted has been simulated using the SUNDIAL N-cycling model : at equilibrium, after 154 yr of the experiment and with N deposition increasing from c. 10 kg ha −" yr −" in 1843 to 45 kg ha −" yr −" today, c. 5 % is leached, 12 % is denitrified, 30 % immobilized in the soil organic matter and 53 % taken off in the crop. The ' efficiency of use ' of the deposited N decreases, and losses and immobilization increase as the amount of fertilizer N increases. The deposited N itself, and the acidification that is associated with it (from the nitric acid, ammonia and ammonium), has reduced the number of plant species on the 140-yr-old Park Grass hay meadow. It has also reduced methane oxidation rates in soil by c. 15 % under arable land and 30 % under woodland, and has caused N saturation of local woodland ecosystems : nitrous oxide emission rates of up to 1n4 kg ha −" yr −" are equivalent to those from arable land receiving 200 kg N ha −" yr −" , and in proportion to the excess N deposited ; measurements of N cycling processes and pools using "&N pool dilution techniques show a large nitrate pool and enhanced rates of nitrification relative to immobilization. Ratios of gross nitrification : gross immobilization might prove to be good indices of N saturation.

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The Elspeetsche Veld experiment on surface exchange of trace gases: Summary of results

Cited by 56 publications

References 10 publications

Seasonal variability of ozone dry deposition under southern European climate conditions, in Portugal

Seasonal variability of ozone dry deposition under southern European climate conditions, in Portugal

Instrument development and application in studies and monitoring of ambient ammonia

Nitrogen deposition and its contribution to nitrogen cycling and associated soil processes

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