The Embryonic Central Nervous System Lineages ofDrosophila melanogaster

Bossing, Torsten; Udolph, Gerald; Doe, Chris Q.; Technau, Gerhard M.

doi:10.1006/dbio.1996.0240

Cited by 414 publications

(152 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…As the insect NB 1-1 (Doe 1992;, b1hn of Orchestia is the first NB in the segment close to the midline lying behind two rows of en positive NBs (figure 5a,g). A second candidate was the NB 4-2 of Drosophila (figure 5g), again based on its position and its characteristic offspring, the pioneer neuron RP2 (Bossing et al 1996;Landgraf et al 1997;Schmid et al 1999; figure 6b). We found that the NB d1hnin of Orchestia shares the medial position in the anteroposterior axis (figure 5a) and among others the production of the well-identifiable pioneer neuron RP2 (figure 6a).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It lies in the dorsalmost layer of the CNS between ac and pc (white star) and sends an axon anteriorly in the connective and into the intersegmental nerve (white arrowheads). (b) Neuroblast 4-2 of Drosophila (after Bossing et al 1996). The motoneuron RP2 lies in the dorsalmost layer of the ganglion and sends an axon into the intersegmental nerve (red open arrowheads).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Filling the gap between identified neuroblasts and neurons in crustaceans adds new support for Tetraconata

Ungerer

Scholtz

2007

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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The complex spatio-temporal patterns of development and anatomy of nervous systems play a key role in our understanding of arthropod evolution. However, the degree of resolution of neural processes is not always detailed enough to claim homology between arthropod groups. One example is neural precursors and their progeny in crustaceans and insects. Pioneer neurons of crustaceans and insects show some similarities that indicate homology. In contrast, the differentiation of insect and crustacean neuroblasts (NBs) shows profound differences and their homology is controversial. For Drosophila and grasshoppers, the complete lineage of several NBs up to formation of pioneer neurons is known. Apart from data on median NBs no comparable results exist for Crustacea. Accordingly, it is not clear where the crustacean pioneer neurons come from and whether there are NBs lateral to the midline homologous to those of insects. To fill this gap, individual NBs in the ventral neuroectoderm of the crustacean Orchestia cavimana were labelled in vivo with a fluorescent dye. A partial neuroblast map was established and for the first time lineages from individual NBs to identified pioneer neurons were established in a crustacean. Our data strongly suggest homology of NBs and their lineages, providing further evidence for a close insect-crustacean relationship.Keywords: Drosophila; evolution; arthropods; neurogenesis; cell lineage INTRODUCTIONDespite the overall similarities of the central nervous system (CNS) between the major arthropod groups, its early development shows some distinct differences at the cellular level. In myriapods and chelicerates, clusters of neural precursors immigrate from the ventral neuroectoderm and differentiate directly into neurons or glia cells to form the ventral CNS (figure 1; Stollewerk et al. 2001;Mittmann 2002;Stollewerk & Chipman 2006). In contrast, insects and crustaceans form their ventral CNS via neuroblasts (NBs), large neural precursor cells dividing in an asymmetrical stem cell mode to produce columns of ganglion mother cells (GMCs). At least in insects, each GMC in turn divides once to generate ganglion cells (GCs) that differentiate into neurons and/or glia cells (figure 1; insects: Wheeler 1891, Bate 1976, Doe & Goodman 1985, Hartenstein et al. 1987, Truman & Ball 1998 crustaceans: McMurrich 1895, Dohle 1976, Scholtz 1992, Gerberding 1997, Harzsch 2001.In 1984, Thomas et al. (1984) detected a set of early differentiating neurons, responsible for pioneering major axon pathways in the embryonic CNS of insects and crustaceans, which led them to propose a common plan for neurogenesis in arthropods. A series of subsequent studies at the level of individually identified neurons including position, axon morphology and timing of outgrowth confirmed the existence of a set of homologous pioneer neurons in insects and crustaceans that finds no counterpart in myriapods (Whitington et al.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Filling the gap between identified neuroblasts and neurons in crustaceans adds new support for Tetraconata

Ungerer

Scholtz

2007

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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“…Glioblasts, on the other hand, produce pure glial lineages (Bossing et al 1996;Schmid et al 1997;Schmid et al 1999). In some neuroglioblast lineages, the bifurcation between the neuronal and the glial lineages occurs in the primary division to produce a neuronal and a glial precursor (figure 4a; Akiyama-Oda et al 1999; Bernardoni et al 1999).…”

Section: Neurogenesis In Drosophila (A) Neuroblast Formation: Notch Smentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each of the first five GMCs (GMC1-5) that NB7-1 produces divides to produce a motor neuron (named U1-U5 with birth order) and a sibling. Each of the U1-U5 motor neurons can be identified by their position and their unique expression of molecular markers ( Bossing et al 1996;Schmid et al 1999;Pearson & Doe 2003).…”

Section: Specification Of Temporal Identitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into neural stem cell biology from flies

Egger

Chell

Brand

2007

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

134

126

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Drosophila neuroblasts are similar to mammalian neural stem cells in their ability to self-renew and to produce many different types of neurons and glial cells. In the past two decades, great advances have been made in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying embryonic neuroblast formation, the establishment of cell polarity and the temporal regulation of cell fate. It is now a challenge to connect, at the molecular level, the different cell biological events underlying the transition from neural stem cell maintenance to differentiation. Progress has also been made in understanding the later stages of development, when neuroblasts become mitotically inactive, or quiescent, and are then reactivated postembryonically to generate the neurons that make up the adult nervous system. The ability to manipulate the steps leading from quiescence to proliferation and from proliferation to differentiation will have a major impact on the treatment of neurological injury and neurodegenerative disease.

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“…In several representatives of this group of organisms all neuroblasts in the thoracic ganglia are individually identified concerning their position and the lineage which they generate and are well characterized on the molecular level (e.g. Doe 1992; Doe and Technau 1993;Broadus et al 1995;Bossing et al 1996;Schmidt et al 1997; see also the hyper neuroblast map at http://www.neuro.uoregon. edu/doelab/nbintro.html).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engrailed-like immunoreactivity in the embryonic ventral nerve cord of the Marbled Crayfish (Marmorkrebs)

2008

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The homeobox transcription factor Engrailed is involved in controlling segmentation during arthropod germ band formation but also in establishing individual neuronal identities during later embryogenesis. In Crustacea, most studies analysing the expression of Engrailed so far have focussed on its function as segment polarity gene. In continuation to these previous studies, we analysed the neuronal expression of the Engrailed protein by immunohistochemistry in the embryonic nerve cord of a parthenogenetic crustacean, the Marbled Crayfish (Marmorkrebs). We paid particular attention to the individual identification of Engrailed expressing putative neuroblasts in the crayfish embryos. Engrailed positive cells in the neuroectoderm were counted, measured and mapped from 38 to 65% of embryonic development. That way, several Engrailed positive putative neuroblasts and putative neurons were identified. Our findings are compared with earlier studies on Engrailed expression during germ band formation in Crustacea. Recent data on neurogenesis in an amphipod crustacean have provided compelling evidence for the homology of several identified neuroblasts between this amphipod and insects. The present report may serve as a basis to explore the question if during crustacean neurogenesis additional communalities with insects exist.

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The Embryonic Central Nervous System Lineages ofDrosophila melanogaster

Cited by 414 publications

References 3 publications

Filling the gap between identified neuroblasts and neurons in crustaceans adds new support for Tetraconata

Filling the gap between identified neuroblasts and neurons in crustaceans adds new support for Tetraconata

Insights into neural stem cell biology from flies

Engrailed-like immunoreactivity in the embryonic ventral nerve cord of the Marbled Crayfish (Marmorkrebs)

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