The emerging mechanisms and functions of microautophagy

Wang, Liming; Klionsky, Daniel J.; Shen, Han‐Ming

doi:10.1038/s41580-022-00529-z

Cited by 209 publications

(129 citation statements)

References 265 publications

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“…Micromitophagy, which is defined as mitochondrial degradation independent of mitophagosomes, is another MQC mechanism that ensures mitochondrial homeostasis ( Figure 2C ; Wang et al, 2022 ). Under oxidative stress, mitochondria can generate mitochondrial-derived vesicles (MDVs) to proceed micromitophagy.…”

Section: Mitochondrial Quality Control In the Brainmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recognition and initiation of micromitophagy are different from the mechanism mediated by canonical autophagy regulators such as ATG5 or LC3 ( Soubannier et al, 2012 ; McLelland et al, 2014 , 2016 ; König et al, 2021 ). Internalization of MDVs into the lysosomal lumen for degradation occurs following the formation of MDVs ( Soubannier et al, 2012 ; Wang et al, 2022 ). An alternative micromitophagy mechanism known as spermatogenesis-associated protein 18 (SPATA18; also called M ieap)-induced accumulation of lysosome-like organelles within mitochondria (MALM) is characterized by the transfer of lysosomal proteins into mitochondria to destroy the oxidized mitochondrial protein.…”

Section: Mitochondrial Quality Control In the Brainmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mitochondrial quality control in the brain: The physiological and pathological roles

et al. 2022

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The human brain has high energetic expenses and consumes over 20% of total oxygen metabolism. Abnormal brain energy homeostasis leads to various brain diseases. Among multiple factors that contribute to these diseases, mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the most common causes. Maintenance of mitochondrial integrity and functionality is of pivotal importance to brain energy generation. Mitochondrial quality control (MQC), employing the coordination of multiple mechanisms, is evolved to overcome many mitochondrial defects. Thus, not surprisingly, aberrant mitochondrial quality control results in a wide range of brain disorders. Targeting MQC to preserve and restore mitochondrial function has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for the prevention and treatment of brain diseases. Here, we set out to summarize the current understanding of mitochondrial quality control in brain homeostasis. We also evaluate potential pharmaceutically and clinically relevant targets in MQC-associated brain disorders.

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Section: Mitochondrial Quality Control In the Brainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mitochondrial Quality Control In the Brainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitochondrial quality control in the brain: The physiological and pathological roles

et al. 2022

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“…Non-selective microautophagy has two different types, fission-type and fusion-type. Selective microautophgy takes specific cargos depending on the cellular context, including micromitophagy, microreticulophagy, micronucleophagy, microlysophagy, macrolipophagy, microproteophagy, and endosomal microautophagy (eMI) [ 52 ].…”

Section: Qc Of Proteins: Proteostasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of RNA and Protein Quality Control and Their Roles in Cellular Senescence and Age-Related Diseases

Kang

Baek

Lee

2022

Cells

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Cellular senescence, a hallmark of aging, is defined as irreversible cell cycle arrest in response to various stimuli. It plays both beneficial and detrimental roles in cellular homeostasis and diseases. Quality control (QC) is important for the proper maintenance of cellular homeostasis. The QC machineries regulate the integrity of RNA and protein by repairing or degrading them, and are dysregulated during cellular senescence. QC dysfunction also contributes to multiple age-related diseases, including cancers and neurodegenerative, muscle, and cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we describe the characters of cellular senescence, discuss the major mechanisms of RNA and protein QC in cellular senescence and aging, and comprehensively describe the involvement of these QC machineries in age-related diseases. There are many open questions regarding RNA and protein QC in cellular senescence and aging. We believe that a better understanding of these topics could propel the development of new strategies for addressing age-related diseases.

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“…The term autophagy entails all those transport pathways that deliver intracellular components to vacuoles/lysosomes for turnover. Currently, three main autophagic processes have been described: (1) macroautophagy, which is characterized by the sequestration of the cargoes by double-membrane autophagosomes that fuse with vacuoles or lysosomes; (2) microautophagy, which involves the direct engulfment of the cargo by the endosomes or vacuoles/lysosomes [ 17 ]; and (3) chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA), in which single polypeptides with a specific recognition sequence are recognized by HSP70 and translocated into the mammalian lysosomes via a channel formed by LAMP2A [ 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Membrane Contact Sites in Autophagy

Zwilling

Reggiori

2022

Cells

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Eukaryotes utilize different communication strategies to coordinate processes between different cellular compartments either indirectly, through vesicular transport, or directly, via membrane contact sites (MCSs). MCSs have been implicated in lipid metabolism, calcium signaling and the regulation of organelle biogenesis in various cell types. Several studies have shown that MCSs play a crucial role in the regulation of macroautophagy, an intracellular catabolic transport route that is characterized by the delivery of cargoes (proteins, protein complexes or aggregates, organelles and pathogens) to yeast and plant vacuoles or mammalian lysosomes, for their degradation and recycling into basic metabolites. Macroautophagy is characterized by the de novo formation of double-membrane vesicles called autophagosomes, and their biogenesis requires an enormous amount of lipids. MCSs appear to have a central role in this supply, as well as in the organization of the autophagy-related (ATG) machinery. In this review, we will summarize the evidence for the participation of specific MCSs in autophagosome formation, with a focus on the budding yeast and mammalian systems.

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The emerging mechanisms and functions of microautophagy

Cited by 209 publications

References 265 publications

Mitochondrial quality control in the brain: The physiological and pathological roles

Mitochondrial quality control in the brain: The physiological and pathological roles

Mechanisms of RNA and Protein Quality Control and Their Roles in Cellular Senescence and Age-Related Diseases

Membrane Contact Sites in Autophagy

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