The end-Cretaceous dinosaur succession in Europe: The Tremp Basin record (Spain)

The last dinosaurs of Brazil: The Bauru Group and its implications for the end-Cretaceous mass extinction

“…The same situation appears to be the case in Europe, based on the ever-improving fossil record of Spain (Riera et al 2009, Vila et al 2013 and Romania (Csiki-Sava et al 2016b). Although Europe had a very different paleogeography at the time-it was divided into a series of islands by high sea levels, unlike the continental coastal plain settings inhabited by the North American dinosaurs of end Cretaceous-it also shows evidence for some minor turnover events in the latest Cretaceous, but no clear long-term declines in dinosaur diversity and a rich fauna of carnivorous and herbivorous species during the last few million years before the asteroid impact (Csiki-Sava et al 2015).…”

Maastrichtian−basal Paleocene charophyte biozonation and its calibration to the Global Polarity Time Scale in the southern Pyrenees (Catalonia, Spain)

“…In the Vallcebre Basin it comprises up to 400 m of claystones and siltstones, with the development of palaeosoils with variegated grey, ochre, purple and reddish colours. The Lower Red Unit has been attributed to sedimentation mainly in marginal lagoon and fluvial floodplain depositional settings (Rosell et al, 2001;Oms et al, 2007;L opez-Martínez et al, 2009;Riera et al, 2009). The top of the Lower Red Unit is marked by the so-called "Reptile Sandstone", a fluviatile unit that crops out below the lacustrine Vallcebre Limestone Formation (Masriera and Ullastre, 1982).…”

“…InterpretationdThe grayish claystones have been attributed to deposits of the marginal, freshwater part of the lagoon, episodically with lacustrine facies, passing upward to ochre claystones of distal alluvial facies (Oms et al, 2007;Riera et al, 2009). Mottling indicates the development of hydromorphic soils in the marginal lagoon, with alternating reducing and oxidizing conditions during seasonal fluctuation of the water table (see Kraus and Aslan, 1993).…”

Upper Cretaceous paleogeography of the Central Southern Pyrenean Basins (Catalonia, Spain) from microfacies analysis and charophyte biostratigraphy

“…This succession corresponds to the La Posa Fm and has been attributed to deposition in a coastal-swamp environment connected with shallow freshwater lakes (Nagtegaal 1972). A rudist-horizon formed by Hippuritella castroi marks the top of the La Posa Fm and indicates a Maastrichtian age (Liebau 1973;Riera et al 2009). The two rudist horizons framing the La Posa Fm, together with the benthic foraminifer assemblage found at the base, indicate that the La Posa Fm was deposited at the earliest at the beginning of the Maastrichtian and probably later (Gallemí et al 1983;Caus and Gómez-Garrido 1989).…”