The Endogeneity between Language and Earnings: International Analyses

Chiswick, Barry R.; Miller, Paul W.

doi:10.1086/298374

Cited by 808 publications

(794 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Polish and Russian women are an exception in that they show better educational skills of wives compared to their husbands for the first generation already; at least for immigrants born after 1942. 17 For men the picture is slightly different. As expected, German men between 40 and 65 have on average more years of schooling than their partners.…”

Section: Educationmentioning

confidence: 96%

Cultural Integration in Germany

Constant

Nottmeyer

Zimmermann

2012

Cultural Integration of Immigrants in Europe

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. www.econstor.eu Terms of use: Documents in D I S C U S S I O N P A P E R S E R I E S ABSTRACT Cultural Integration in Germany *This chapter investigates the integration processes of immigrants in Germany by comparing certain immigrant groups to natives differentiating by gender and immigrant generation. Indicators which are supposed to capture cultural integration of immigrants are differences in marital behavior as well as language abilities, ethnic identification and religious distribution. A special feature of the available data is information about overall life satisfaction, risk aversion and political interest. These indicators are also presented. All of these indicators are depicted in comparison between natives and immigrants differentiated by ethnic origin, gender and generation. This allows visualization of differences by ethnic groups and development over time. Statements about the cultural integration processes of immigrants are thus possible. Furthermore, economic integration in terms of female labor force participation is presented as an additional feature. Empirical findings suggest that differences among immigrants and between immigrants and Germans do exist and differ significantly by ethnic origin, gender and generation. But differences seem to diminish when we consider the second generations. This indicates greater adaptation to German norms and habits, and thus better cultural, socio-economic and political integration of second generation immigrants in Germany.JEL Classification: F22, J15, J61, Z13

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Section: Educationmentioning

confidence: 96%

Cultural Integration in Germany

Constant

Nottmeyer

Zimmermann

2012

Cultural Integration of Immigrants in Europe

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“…Chiswick and Miller (1995) distinguish the determinants of language fluency of immigrants into three categories related to the exposure to the destination language, the efficiency in learning a new language and the economic incentives derived from being able to communicate in the destination language. Exposure and learning efficiency, dependent on individual, institutional and situational characteristics, shape the costs in terms of effort or monetary costs for language classes, while economic incentives display the expected benefits formed by increased opportunities for economic integration and social participation.…”

Section: Destination Language Skills Of Migrantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Language and Labor Market Success

Isphording

2015

International Encyclopedia of the Social &Amp; Behavioral Sciences

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. www.econstor.eu Terms of use: Documents in D I S C U S S I O N P A P E R S E R I E S ABSTRACT Language and Labor Market Success *This article summarizes three different strands of the literature that address the labor market effects of language-related human capital. (1) A general importance is demonstrated in the empirical evidence on earnings and employment effects of literacy as the ability to productively use written information. Significant effects are found for developed and developing countries, leading on an aggregated macro level to a positive relationship between literacy and economic development. (2) The ongoing globalization leads to an increased demand for foreign language proficiency to reduce search and information costs and overcome cultural barriers in the trade of services and goods and tourism. Against the background of scarce skill supply, employers are willing to pay significant wage premia, especially for global and local lingua franca. (3) For international migrants, destination language skills display both a prerequisite for and outcome of successful integration. Investments into destination language skills are highly rewarded by wage returns and higher employment probabilities and act as the medium of translation to apply pre-migration human capital in the destination country labor market.JEL Classification: J24, J31, J61

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“…Following Chiswick & Miller (1995, 2007, the Probit model for explaining proficiency in Catalan includes as regressors a gender indicator, individuals' age, origin variables 15 and the duration of the stay in Catalonia (represented by the years since migration). Moreover, we consider that the likelihood of being able to speak and write Catalan depends on schooling, but also on the cultural resources at home (number of books at home and weekly frequency of reading).…”

Section: Data Descriptive Statistics and Empirical Specificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Language Knowledge and Earnings in Catalonia

Paolo

Raymond

2012

Journal of Applied Economics

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This paper represents the first contribution that investigates the economic value of Catalan knowledge in terms of earnings, focusing on national and foreign first-and second-generation immigrants in Catalonia. Specifically, drawing on data from the "Survey on Living Conditions and Habits of the Catalan Population (2006)", we want to quantify the expected earnings differential between individuals who are proficient in Catalan and those who are not, taking into account the potential endogeneity between knowledge of Catalan and earnings. The results indicate the existence of a positive return to knowledge of Catalan, with a 7.5% increase in earnings estimated by OLS; however, when we account for the presence of endogeneity, monthly earnings are around 18% higher for individuals who are able to speak and write Catalan. However, we also find that language and education are complementary inputs for generating earnings in Catalonia, given that knowledge of Catalan increases monthly earnings only for more educated individuals.

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The Endogeneity between Language and Earnings: International Analyses

Cited by 808 publications

References 13 publications

Cultural Integration in Germany

Cultural Integration in Germany

Language and Labor Market Success

Language Knowledge and Earnings in Catalonia

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