The enrichment process and morphological identification of anaerobic fungi isolated from buffalo rumen

Abstract

Abstract. Agustina S, Wiryawan KG, Suharti S, Meryandini A. 2021. The enrichment process and morphological identification of anaerobic fungi isolated from buffalo rumen. Biodiversitas 23: 469-477. Anaerobic fungi are one of the microbes that have an important role in rumen fiber degradation because they can produce cellulase enzymes and penetrate feed particles. Nevertheless, few studies were performed to test the potential of anaerobic fungi in Indonesia. Therefore, the present study was carried out to evaluate the impact of the enrichment process on pH value, the zoospores population, NH3 (ammonia) concentration, and VFA (Volatile Fatty Acid) proportion. In addition, this research was also performed to isolate anaerobic fungi from buffalo rumen and identify their morphological characteristics. The enrichment stage of anaerobic fungi was carried out using the Hungate method. Results showed that the population of fungi zoospores, pH value, ammonia concentration, the proportion of acetate, and total VFA were significantly affected by the incubation time (P<0.01). In addition, Caecomyces, Neocallimastix, and Piromyces were rumen anaerobic fungi isolated from buffalo rumen with different morphological characteristics. It can be concluded that the incubation time increased the zoospore population, the concentration of NH3, acetate proportion, and total VFA but decreased media's pH value.

Molecular identification of anaerobic fungi isolated from buffalo rumen with their growth rate, cellulase enzyme activity, and fermentation products characteristics

“…CYR and F4 were closely related to Neocallimastix frontalis isolate SK. This was in accordance with the results of morphological analysis previously carried out by Agustina et al (2022) that the isolates of buffalo rumen anaerobic fungi had the same morphological characteristics as Piromyces sp., Caecomyces sp., and Neocallimastix. It showed that molecular identification could be carried out to clarify and confirm the morphological identification results because according to Edwards et al (2017), morphological identification alone is not enough to determine genera and species of anaerobic fungi.…”

“…From the morning until the afternoon, the buffalo were grazed and fed grass or legumes, while at night until the morning the buffalo were put in the cage and fed with rice straw. The anaerobic fungi used were isolates F1, F2, F3, F4, and F5 from buffalo rumen by Agustina et al (2022). The isolates were maintained using Orpin media containing antibiotics and incubated at 39°C for 3 days before molecular identification (Jin et al 2011).…”

“…This was in line with Teunissen et al (1991), who reported that N. frontalis produced a higher dry weight of fungal biomass than Piromyces sp. It also formed high biomass because of its ability to produce larger colonies and highly branched rhizoids (Agustina et al 2022). The slow growth rate of Caecomyces sp.…”

Isolation, morphological identification, and xylanase characteristics of anaerobic gut fungi Neocallimastix from Anatolian wild goat

“…It was determined that each fungus isolated from the fecal specimens of mountain goats had white colonies, different diameters, and very slow growth. Previous studies have also shown that AGF has a very slow growth rate, longer than 15 days [34]. Considering the colony diameter measurements, the order of size can be listed as Neocallimastix , Piromyces , and Caecomyces [34].…”

“…Morphological identification is a method that can be used to determine the species of anaerobic gut fungi [23,33,34]. The morphological identification of the AGF isolated from goat rumen was made using genus-level identification keys [25].…”