The environmental impact of various forms of waste PET bottle management

Bałazińska, Maria; Kruczek, Mariusz; Bondaruk, Jan

doi:10.1080/13504509.2020.1865473

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Incineration could be accepted as a solution if the separation of PET bottle waste within the collection system is not possible and particularly if contaminated PET bottle waste cannot be reused. Incineration with energy recovery as a second option is supported by the work of Bałazi ńska et al [30], who found that the environmental impact of recycling was lower than that of energy recovery, while disposal was the worst scenario. Incineration with energy recovery could be used when electricity demand is difficult to meet through renewable resources.…”

Section: Technology Implementation Scenariomentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Life cycle assessment (LCA) is one method that compares the treatments of PET bottle waste. Bałazi ńska et al (2021) [30] compared systems for PET bottle waste, such as recycling, energy recovery, and disposal, without explicitly mentioning the technology used. The result was that recycling had the least negative impact on the environment.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The result was the combination of flake production and landfilling as the first option and the combination of incineration with energy recovery and landfilling as the second one. Bałazi ńska et al [30] compared PET bottle waste management using life cycle assessment (LCA) and recommended that plastic bottle waste should be managed through recycling, as this reduces the environmental impact compared to energy recovery and disposal. This result provides a rationale for the stakeholders' decision in this study, as it shows that social progress and environmental impact reduction are compatible.…”

Section: Technology Implementation Scenariomentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Analyzing Polyethylene Terephthalate Bottle Waste Technology Using an Analytic Hierarchy Process for Developing Countries: A Case Study from Indonesia

2022

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PET bottle waste is easy to recycle because it is easy to separate, abundant, and competitively priced. Technologies for the treatment of PET bottle waste have been evaluated to date by using life cycle assessment (LCA), but this does not take into account all of the aspects that policymakers consider necessary when selecting an acceptable technology. Aspects such as society, economics, policies, and technical applicability need to be considered along with the environment and resource consumption to complement the LCA results for PET bottle waste. These aspects were selected as criteria for the analytical hierarchy process (AHP), and stakeholders were invited to make a comparison evaluation of the criteria and sub-criteria. Academics were involved to compare the technology options. The results show that society is the highest priority because it is the main actor that ensures the application of the technology, and that job creation is the most important indicator for the selection of the technology in society criteria. After comparing open landfills, sanitary landfills, incineration with energy recovery, pelletizing, glycolysis, and hydrolysis for the utilization of PET bottle waste, this study suggests pelletizing as the acceptable technology for Indonesia because pelletizing is dominant in all the criteria and sub-criteria which support sustainability in waste management. This is the first time that a single plastic fraction that is easy to collect and recycle has been studied with the AHP. The results show that this type of plastic could also be reused in developing countries through mechanical recycling.

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Section: Technology Implementation Scenariomentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Technology Implementation Scenariomentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Analyzing Polyethylene Terephthalate Bottle Waste Technology Using an Analytic Hierarchy Process for Developing Countries: A Case Study from Indonesia

2022

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“…PET is the preferred material for water bottles because it is inexpensive to produce, transparent, and carbon dioxide resistant [7]; however, PET bottles create many negative environmental impacts due to their short useful life, large quantities of production, and prolonged decomposition process [8]. There is substantial energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission during the PET manufacturing process [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abolishing Single-Use Plastic Water Bottles in Dubai Hotels as a Voluntary Act—Scenarios and Environmental Impacts

Al-Shihabi,

Aydin,

Araci

et al. 2024

Sustainability

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Dubai, a popular vacation spot, has launched an initiative to reduce reliance on single-use plastic water bottles. Tourists in Dubai widely utilize PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate) water bottles, and significant quantities of greenhouse gases (GHG) are released during the production and disposal of PET bottles. In response to Dubai’s initiative, some hotels eliminated PET bottles and substituted them with environmentally favorable alternatives. These hotels are considered adopters of the initiative, while other hotels that might follow are imitators. Thus, innovation diffusion theory (IDT) is used in this work to forecast the transition of hotels to non-PET bottles. The diffusion of this new behavior is simulated using a system dynamic (SD) model, where factors pushing imitators to abolish PET bottles are found using the Delphi method and hotel surveying. Moreover, the importance of each identified factor is found using an analytical hierarchical process (AHP). Since hotels are divided into several categories based on their service quality, the analysis shows that hotels are affected by other hotels in their category or better categories. Using this conceptual understanding, Bass and generalized Bass modeling are used in the SD model to study how imitating hotels will follow the adopters. Best-, average-, and worst-case scenarios are studied to help decision-makers understand what to expect in the future. For the best- and average-case scenarios, the SD simulation shows that all hotels will potentially have abolished PET bottles in 25 years. However, only 16% of hotels will have cancelled PET bottles in 25 years if the worst-case scenario occurs; thus, decision-makers need to intervene to expedite the process.

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“…In addition, PET bottles have low production costs. Despite these benefits, PET's limited useful life, high production volumes, and hundreds of years of decomposition time create several environmental concerns [5]. Furthermore, the production of PET is an energyintensive process that produces a substantial quantity of greenhouse gases (GHGs) [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A System Dynamic Model for Polyethylene Terephthalate Supply Chain in the United Arab Emirates—Status, Projections, and Environmental Impacts

Al-Shihabi,

Barghash

2023

Sustainability

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Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) water bottles are widely used in the United Arab Emirates (UAE); however, their production and disposal adversely affect the environment. In collaboration with the private sector, the UAE government has taken serious steps to reduce these impacts, including (i) encouraging people to stop using PET water bottles and to separate their waste, (ii) establishing material recovery facilities, (iii) constructing facilities for incineration with energy recovery, and (iv) creating business opportunities to downcycle and recycle PET water bottles. This paper models the PET supply chain (PSC) using system dynamics (SD) to simulate the current PSC in the UAE and to project its possible evolution from 2023 to 2050, taking greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions into consideration. For decision-makers, the SD model shows that PET reductions must equal population growth to maintain GHG emissions associated with the PSC for the coming years. In addition, the separation efficiency must exceed 33% of PET consumption to meet the current demand for used PET. Moreover, if PET consumption decreases by more than 1.5%, then businesses relying on used PET will face a supply shortage in the year 2050. As for environmental impacts, it is found that if downcycling and recycling capabilities are fully utilized, GHG emissions will decrease by 35%. Furthermore, if demand for recycled PET reaches 10,000 tons, this reduction will exceed 47%, reaching 177,861MtCO2e.

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The environmental impact of various forms of waste PET bottle management

Cited by 11 publications

References 22 publications

Analyzing Polyethylene Terephthalate Bottle Waste Technology Using an Analytic Hierarchy Process for Developing Countries: A Case Study from Indonesia

Analyzing Polyethylene Terephthalate Bottle Waste Technology Using an Analytic Hierarchy Process for Developing Countries: A Case Study from Indonesia

Abolishing Single-Use Plastic Water Bottles in Dubai Hotels as a Voluntary Act—Scenarios and Environmental Impacts

A System Dynamic Model for Polyethylene Terephthalate Supply Chain in the United Arab Emirates—Status, Projections, and Environmental Impacts

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