The ERA5 global reanalysis

Hersbach, Hans; Bell, Bill; Berrisford, Paul; Hirahara, Shoji; Horányi, Ándrás; Muñoz‐Sabater, Joaquín; Nicolas, Julien P.; Peubey, Carole; Radu, Raluca; Schepers, Dinand; Simmons, A. J.; Soci, Cornel; Abdalla, Saleh; Abellan, Xavier; Balsamo, Gianpaolo; Bechtold, Peter; Biavati, Gionata; Bidlot, Jean‐Raymond; Bonavita, Massimo; Chiara, Giovanna de; Dahlgren, Per; Dee, Dick; Diamantakis, Michail; Dragani, Rossana; Flemming, Johannes; Forbes, R. M.; Fuentes, M.; Geer, Alan; Haimberger, Leopold; Healy, S. B.; Hogan, Robin J.; Hólm, Elías; Janisková, Marta; Keeley, Sarah; Laloyaux, Patrick; Lopez, Philippe; Lupu, Cristina; Radnóti, Gábor; Rosnay, Patricia de; Rozum, Iryna; Vamborg, Freja; Villaume, Sébastien; Thépaut, J.-N.

doi:10.1002/qj.3803

Cited by 15,558 publications

(9,914 citation statements)

References 137 publications

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“…New ways of estimating the forcing term in the SST evolution equation should also be exploited. In the present study, the forcing was approximated by a low pass filtered SST temporal derivative but, in principle, heat fluxes estimates given by model-derived reanalyses, e.g., the ECMWF ERA-5, or estimated using bulk formulae could be tested [45,46]. In addition, the possibility to refine the temporal resolution of the method input parameters (e.g., σ u,v and h), presently given by climatological two-dimensional maps, could further improve the reconstruction method capabilities.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Synergetic Approach for the Space-Based Sea Surface Currents Retrieval in the Mediterranean Sea

et al. 2019

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We present a method for the remote retrieval of the sea surface currents in the Mediterranean Sea. Combining the altimeter-derived currents with sea-surface temperature information, we created daily, gap-free high resolution maps of sea surface currents for the period 2012–2016. The quality of the new multi-sensor currents has been assessed through comparisons to other surface-currents estimates, as the ones obtained from drifting buoys trajectories (at the basin scale), or HF-Radar platforms and ocean numerical model outputs in the Malta–Sicily Channel. The study yielded that our synergetic approach can improve the present-day derivation of the surface currents in the Mediterranean area up to 30% locally, with better performances for the the meridional component of the motion and in the western section of the basin. The proposed reconstruction method also showed satisfying performances in the retrieval of the ageostrophic circulation in the Sicily Channel. In this area, assuming the High Frequency Radar-derived currents as reference, the merged multi-sensor currents exhibited improvements with respect to the altimeter estimates and numerical model outputs, mainly due to their enhanced spatial and temporal resolution.

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confidence: 99%

A Synergetic Approach for the Space-Based Sea Surface Currents Retrieval in the Mediterranean Sea

et al. 2019

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“…The representation of the troposphere and tropical cyclones is better, as is the soil moisture, the balance of precipitation and evaporation, and the consistency between sea surface temperature and sea ice. The data assimilation system is also renewed (IFSCycle 41r2 4D-Var), and a vast amount of historical observations (satellite or in situ) are assimilated [24].…”

Section: Era5 Reanalysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It presents a 30-km global grid and uses 137 vertical levels from the surface up to a height of 80 km. The entire dataset from 1950-present will be available soon, substantially extending the period of ERA-Interim (1979-present), with a much higher spatial and temporal resolution [24]. Furthermore, recent studies in real wind farms have shown that ERA5 can be the new "champion" of wind energy modeling [25].…”

Section: Era5 Reanalysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, if pressure, temperature, and moisture data are measured in the wind farm, the third variable that defines the wind power density can be introduced in the MPDF score: the air density. This would not be relevant for an evaluation within the wind farm, but it can be used for the verification of mesoscale models or reanalysis (ERA-Interim, ERA5 in an advanced 'meso-beta scale' [39]) in the nearest grid point [24,40]. This would produce a qualitative leap for the validation of wind energy, since this method would consider all the variables in a single score.…”

Section: Conclusion and Future Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

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MIDAS: A Benchmarking Multi-Criteria Method for the Identification of Defective Anemometers in Wind Farms

et al. 2018

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A novel multi-criteria methodology for the identification of defective anemometers is shown in this paper with a benchmarking approach: it is called MIDAS: multi-technique identification of defective anemometers. The identification of wrong wind data as provided by malfunctioning devices is very important, because the actual power curve of a wind turbine is conditioned by the quality of its anemometer measurements. Here, we present a novel method applied for the first time to anemometers’ data based on the kernel probability density function and the recent reanalysis ERA5. This estimation improves classical unidimensional methods such as the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, and the use of the global ERA5’s wind data as the first benchmarking reference establishes a general method that can be used anywhere. Therefore, adopting ERA5 as the reference, this method is applied bi-dimensionally for the zonal and meridional components of wind, thus checking both components at the same time. This technique allows the identification of defective anemometers, as well as clear identification of the group of anemometers that works properly. After that, other verification techniques were used versus the faultless anemometers (Taylor diagrams, running correlation and R M S E , and principal component analysis), and coherent results were obtained for all statistical techniques with respect to the multidimensional method. The developed methodology combines the use of this set of techniques and was able to identify the defective anemometers in a wind farm with 10 anemometers located in Northern Europe in a terrain with forests and woodlands. Nevertheless, this methodology is general-purpose and not site-dependent, and in the future, its performance will be studied in other types of terrain and wind farms.

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“…This run tests the performance of the high-resolution two-way coupled ocean-atmosphere model. The atmosphere is initialized using the ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis dataset, with a grid resolution of 30 km (Hersbach, 2016). The same data also provide the boundary conditions for air temperature, wind speed, and air humidity every six hours.…”

Section: Experiments Design and Observational Datasetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A regional coupled ocean–atmosphere modeling framework (MITgcm–WRF) using ESMF/NUOPC: description and preliminary results for the Red Sea

Sun¹,

Subramanian²,

Miller³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Abstract. A new regional coupled ocean–atmosphere model is developed to study air–sea feedbacks. The coupled model is based on two open-source community model components: (1) MITgcm ocean model; (2) Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) atmosphere model. The coupling between these components is performed using ESMF (Earth System Modeling Framework) and implemented according to National United Operational Prediction Capability (NUOPC) consortium. The regional coupled model allows affordable simulation where oceanic mixed layer heat and momentum interact with atmospheric boundary layer dynamics at mesoscale and higher resolution. This can capture the feedbacks which are otherwise not well-resolved in coarse resolution global coupled models and are absent in regional uncoupled models. To test the regional coupled model, we focus on a series of heat wave events that occurred on the eastern shore of the Red Sea region in June 2012 using a 30-day simulation. The results obtained using the coupled model, along with those in forced uncoupled ocean or atmosphere model simulations, are compared with observational and reanalysis data. All configurations of coupled and uncoupled models have good skill in modeling variables of interest in the region. The coupled model shows improved skill in temperature and circulation evaluation metrics. In addition, a scalability test is performed to investigate the parallelization of the coupled model. The results indicate that the coupled model scales linearly for up to 128 CPUs and sublinearly for more processors. In the coupled simulation, the ESMF/NUOPC interface also scales well and accounts for less than 10 % of the total computational resources compared with uncoupled models. Hence this newly developed regional model scales efficiently for a large number of processors and can be applied for high-resolution coupled regional modeling studies.

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The ERA5 global reanalysis

Cited by 15,558 publications

References 137 publications

A Synergetic Approach for the Space-Based Sea Surface Currents Retrieval in the Mediterranean Sea

A Synergetic Approach for the Space-Based Sea Surface Currents Retrieval in the Mediterranean Sea

MIDAS: A Benchmarking Multi-Criteria Method for the Identification of Defective Anemometers in Wind Farms

A regional coupled ocean–atmosphere modeling framework (MITgcm–WRF) using ESMF/NUOPC: description and preliminary results for the Red Sea

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