The ethical stakes in monetary valuation methods for conservation purposes

Meinard, Yves; Dereniowska, Małgorzata; Gharbi, Jean Sébastien

doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2016.04.030

Cited by 23 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Trophy hunting may provide funds and incentives to protect wild ungulates in this region, but the benefits certainly do not extend to other wildlife species, even to rare carnivores like Snow leopards. Interestingly, trophy hunting has increased the perceived value of specific trophy animals [69], but the associated wild carnivores which prey on them are not valued [70]. Realistically, however, these carnivores also need to be conserved to ensure a continuing supply of ecosystem services and maintenance of ecosystem functions [71].…”

Section: Trophy Hunting: Its Impacts On Carnivoresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Issues and Opportunities Associated with Trophy Hunting and Tourism in Khunjerab National Park, Northern Pakistan

Rashid

Shi

Rahim

et al. 2020

Animals

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Trophy hunting and mass tourism are the two major interventions designed to provide various socioeconomic and ecological benefits at the local and regional levels. However, these interventions have raised some serious concerns that need to be addressed. This study was conducted in Khunjerab National Park (KNP) with an aim to analyze comparatively the socioeconomic and ecological impacts of trophy hunting and mass tourism over the last three decades within the context of sustainability. Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with key stakeholders and household interviews were conducted to collect data on trophy hunting and mass tourism, and on local attitudes towards these two interventions in and around KNP. The results revealed that 170 Ibex (Capra sibirica) and 12 Blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur) were hunted in the study area over the past three decades, and trophy hunting was not based on a sustainable harvest level. Trophy hunting on average generated USD 16,272 annual revenue, which was invested in community development. However, trophy hunting has greatly changed the attitudes of local residents towards wildlife: a positive attitude towards the wild ungulates and strongly negative attitude towards wild carnivores. In addition, trophy hunting has reduced the availability of ungulate prey species for Snow leopards (Panthera uncia), and consequently, Snow leopards have increased their predation on domestic livestock. This has, in turn, increased human–snow leopard conflict, as negative attitudes towards carnivores result in retaliatory killing of Snow leopards. Furthermore, according to official record data, the number of tourists to KNP has increased tremendously by 10,437.8%, from 1382 in 1999 to 145,633 in 2018. Mass tourism on average generated USD 33,904 annually and provided opportunities for locals to earn high incomes, but it caused damages to the environment and ecosystem in KNP through pollution generation and negative impacts on wildlife. Considering the limited benefits and significant problems created by trophy hunting and mass tourism, we suggest trophy hunting should be stopped and mass tourism should be shifted to ecotourism in and around KNP. Ecotourism could mitigate human–Snow leopard conflicts and help conserve the fragile ecosystem, while generating enough revenue incentives for the community to protect biodiversity and compensate for livestock depredation losses to Snow leopards. Our results may have implications for management of trophy hunting and mass tourism in other similar regions that deserve further investigation.

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Section: Trophy Hunting: Its Impacts On Carnivoresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Issues and Opportunities Associated with Trophy Hunting and Tourism in Khunjerab National Park, Northern Pakistan

Rashid

Shi

Rahim

et al. 2020

Animals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Dietz, 2003) invoking some particular conceptualization of IV. The ES framework, for example, appropriates to conservation the utilitarian value structure of modern welfare economics, in which satisfaction of rational human preferences is taken to be intrinsically valuable (Anderson, 1993;Meinard et al, 2016). ES are quantified and measured using market and non-market valuation methods that theoretically capture rational human preferences for goods such as clean water and recreation (e.g., Nunes and van den Bergh, 2001).…”

Section: Ethical: Because We Are Moral Beingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

For goodness sake! What is intrinsic value and why should we care?

Batavia

Nelson

2017

Biological Conservation

143

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In recent years, conservation planning, policy, and communications have increasingly emphasized the human benefits, or "ecosystem services," provided by nonhuman nature. In response to this utilitarian, anthropocentric framing, some conservationists have countered that nonhuman nature is valuable for more than its instrumental use to humans. In other words, these critics maintain that nonhuman nature has intrinsic value, which the ecosystem services paradigm fails to duly acknowledge. Proponents of the ecosystem services approach have responded in turn, either by proposing that intrinsic value can be integrated into the ecosystem services framework, or by justifying the pull away from intrinsic value on the grounds that it does not motivate broad support for conservation. We suggest these debates have been clouded by an ambiguous conceptualization of intrinsic value, which in fact has a rich intellectual heritage in philosophy and environmental ethics. We therefore review some of the major work from these literatures, to provide members of the conservation community with a deeper understanding of intrinsic value that, we hope, will inform more focused and productive discourse. Following this review, we highlight two common ways intrinsic value has been misinterpreted in recent debates around ecosystem services. As a result of these misinterpretations, we argue, the non-anthropocentric ethical concerns raised by many critics of the ecosystem services approach remain effectively unaddressed. We conclude by offering logical, practical, and moral reasons why the concept of intrinsic value continues to be relevant to conservationists, even and especially in the emerging ecosystem services paradigm.

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“…If these ethical values are not elicited, they may not be considered in subsequent decision-making (Meinard et al 2016) and as such "it is crucial that ecosystem service valuation provide space for their expression in a manner commensurate with anthropocentric values" (Chan et al 2012, p. 15).…”

Section: Theoretical Traditions In Social Values For Sustainabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…UNOHCR 2016) or they are excluded from wider land use policy and planning because they cannot be practically operationalized in valuation exercises. Thus, a different approach is needed that considers intrinsic values yet maintains the possibility of comparison with the instrumental values with which they are incommensurable (Chan et al 2011(Chan et al , 2012Jax et al 2013;Martinez-Alier et al 1998;Meinard et al 2016). This points to the need for a more context-specific approach for consideration of the more-than-human world.…”

Section: Articulated Intrinsic Valuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Making intrinsic values work; integrating intrinsic values of the more-than-human world through the Life Framework of Values

2019

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This paper addresses central limitations of ecosystem services and nature's contributions to people (NCP) by developing a novel approach to consideration of intrinsic values of nature. Intrinsic values are seen as bundled with values of ecosystem services and NCP within the Life Framework, an innovative, comprehensive and easy to communicate framework of values. Building on work by John O'Neill, values are conceived of as related to living with, from, in and as the world. These frames are related to but distinct from more formal ethical justifications of intrinsic, instrumental and relational values, which straddle the four Life Frames. Focusing on intrinsic values, we conceive these as ends without reference to humans as valuers, but which nonetheless can be articulated by people. We draw on more-than-human participatory research and post-normal science to promote the articulation and deliberation of perspectives and interests of the more-than-human world by an extended peer community. This clearly differentiates our approach from both rights-based intrinsic value and utilitarian existence value approaches, although it is inclusive of them. The approach is demonstrated by an elaborate integrated marine ecosystem valuation, where we investigate associations between intrinsic and relational values and the four Life frames. The Life Framework, operationalised through the post-normal, more-than-human participatory approach, operationalises articulated intrinsic values in a way that puts them on an equal footing with values of ecosystem services and NCP, providing an opportunity to bridge and reconcile these different types of value through deliberation. This enhances the recognition and procedural justice of valuation, while at the same time retaining the practical advantages that the ecosystem services framework brings.

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The ethical stakes in monetary valuation methods for conservation purposes

Cited by 23 publications

References 34 publications

Issues and Opportunities Associated with Trophy Hunting and Tourism in Khunjerab National Park, Northern Pakistan

Issues and Opportunities Associated with Trophy Hunting and Tourism in Khunjerab National Park, Northern Pakistan

For goodness sake! What is intrinsic value and why should we care?

Making intrinsic values work; integrating intrinsic values of the more-than-human world through the Life Framework of Values

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