The European space exploration programme: Current status of ESA's plans for Moon and Mars exploration

Messina, Piero; Vennemann, D.

doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2005.03.020

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…In 2004, NASA released the President's Vision for Space Exploration, which includes specific goals for returning humans to the Moon (NASA, 2004). The European Space Agency completed its first dedicated lunar mission, SMART-1, in September of 2006 and is currently examining options for participating in lunar explorations that go beyond robotics (Messina and Vennemann, 2005;Laurance, 1996;Horneck et al, 2001). As interest in human missions to the Moon grows, it is important to look at the scientific reasons for returning there and, in particular, the reasons that warrant the establishment of a more permanent presence than that achieved during the Apollo era.…”

Section: Lunar Astrobiology: Key Scientific Questionsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Lunar Astrobiology: A Review and Suggested Laboratory Equipment

et al. 2007

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In October of 2005, the European Space Agency (ESA) and Alcatel Alenia Spazio released a "call to academia for innovative concepts and technologies for lunar exploration." In recent years, interest in lunar exploration has increased in numerous space programs around the globe, and the purpose of our study, in response to the ESA call, was to draw on the expertise of researchers and university students to examine science questions and technologies that could support human astrobiology activity on the Moon. In this mini review, we discuss astrobiology science questions of importance for a human presence on the surface of the Moon and we provide a summary of key instrumentation requirements to support a lunar astrobiology laboratory.

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Section: Lunar Astrobiology: Key Scientific Questionsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Lunar Astrobiology: A Review and Suggested Laboratory Equipment

et al. 2007

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“…Five million years after the birth of humankind, we are living in the space age, with the International Space Station continuously accommodating crew members orbiting around the Earth, planning commercial flights to the Moon, and even discussing Mars exploration realistically [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. These frontiers excite humanity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Oxidative Stress on Cardiovascular System in Response to Gravity

Takahashi

Okumura

Guo

et al. 2017

IJMS

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Long-term habitation in space leads to physiological alterations such as bone loss, muscle atrophy, and cardiovascular deconditioning. Two predominant factors—namely space radiation and microgravity—have a crucial impact on oxidative stress in living organisms. Oxidative stress is also involved in the aging process, and plays important roles in the development of cardiovascular diseases including hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy, and myocardial infarction. Here, we discuss the effects of space radiation, microgravity, and a combination of these two factors on oxidative stress. Future research may facilitate safer living in space by reducing the adverse effects of oxidative stress.

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“…Recently, attention has been paid to Mars exploration mission, for example, the AURORA project in ESA. 1) For such a mission, a thermal protection system (TPS) needs to be developed to protect a space vehicle from the aerodynamic heating suffered during the atmospheric entry of the space vehicle. For this purpose, certain aspects of the high temperature flow including thermochemical nonequilibrium boundary layers, stagnation point pressure, and stagnation point heating must be simulated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational Simulation of Arc Heater Flows for Martian Atmosphere

Sakai

Ichikawa

Saruhashi

2009

Trans. JSASS Space Tech. Japan

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An existing computational fluid dynamics code which simulates a high enthalpy arc heater flow for air, named ARCFLO3, is updated to be able to calculate a high temperature carbonaceous flow. The flowfield is assumed to be in thermochemical equilibrium and the thermodynamic and transport properties for high temperature carbonaceous gas mixture are calculated though the Yos' mixture rule by compiling the most updated set of collision integrals. The radiative transport in arc heater is calculated in a fully coupled manner with flow motion by using a 3-band radiation model developed in the present study. The upgraded code is used to calculate the operational characteristic parameters such as arc voltage, chamber pressure, heater thermal efficiency and mass-averaged enthalpy for existing 60MW arc heater geometry by using CO2 as a test gas. The result shows that by specifying the wind tunnel operating conditions routinely used for air, the similar level of the operational characteristic parameters is obtained, and that a high enthalpy environment during a manned Martian atmospheric entry flight can be produced for the arc heater geometry.

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The European space exploration programme: Current status of ESA's plans for Moon and Mars exploration

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

Lunar Astrobiology: A Review and Suggested Laboratory Equipment

Lunar Astrobiology: A Review and Suggested Laboratory Equipment

Effect of Oxidative Stress on Cardiovascular System in Response to Gravity

Computational Simulation of Arc Heater Flows for Martian Atmosphere

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