Introduction
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on nursing practice in intensive care unit (ICU) and, consequently, on workload.
Objective
To assess the nurse-patient (N:P) ratio required by COVID-19 patients and to identify the factors that influence nursing in this context.
Design
This study was a retrospective observational study that evaluated the N:P ratio using the Nursing Activities Score (NAS).
Setting
Three Belgian French-speaking hospitals, including five ICUs. Patients included COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients in the ICU.
Measurements and Main Results
The study included 95 COVID-19 patients and 1,604 non-COVID-19 patients (control group) resulting in 905 and 5,453 NAS measures, respectively. The NAS was significantly higher among the COVID-19 patients than in the control group (p=<0.0001). In the COVID-19 group, these higher scores were also observed per shift and uniformly across the three hospitals. COVID-19 patients required more time in the activities of monitoring and titration (χ2= 457.60, p=<0.0001), mobilisation (χ2= 161.21, p=<0.0001), and hygiene (χ2= 557.77, p=<0.0001). Factors influencing nursing time measured by NAS in the COVID-19 patients were age < 65 years old (p=0.23), the use of continuous venovenous hemofiltration (p=0.002), a high APACHE II score (p=0.006), and patient death (p=0.002). A COVID-19 diagnosis was independently associated with an increase in nursing time (OR=4.8, 95% CI:3.6-6.4).
Conclusions
Patients hospitalised in the ICU due to COVID-19 require significantly more nursing time and need an average N:P ratio of almost 1:1.