The Evolution and Thermodynamic Analysis of Inclusions in Gear Steel after Magnesium Treatment

Xu, Jie; Yang, Qiankun; Cheng, Juan; Huang, Zongze; An, Jin-min; Fu, Jianxun

doi:10.2991/icmeim-17.2017.86

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…It is found that the attraction between MgO and MgO-Al 2 O 3 inclusions is 1/10 of that between Al 2 O 3 particles, which indicates that MgO and MgO-Al 2 O 3 are not easy to aggregate and grow up. Jie Xu et al [7] studied the influence of different magnesium content on inclusions in steel at steelmaking temperature. It is found that magnesium aluminate spinel formed after magnesium modification can be used as the core of manganese sulfide precipitation, which reduces the precipitation of rod-shaped manganese sulfide at grain boundaries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Mg on Inclusions in 21-4N Valve Steel

Liu

Sun

et al. 2023

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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In order to explore the influence of different magnesium contents on the morphology, size, distribution and composition of inclusions in 21-4N austenitic valve steel, the inclusions in 21-4N austenitic valve steel with different magnesium contents smelted by high temperature resistance furnace were analyzed by Zeiss metallographic microscope and scanning electron microscope. The results show that the average yield of magnesium in steel is only 4.50% due to the high vapor pressure of magnesium in the laboratory smelting process. When the mass fraction of magnesium is 0-60ppm, with the increase of magnesium content, the main inclusions in steel mostly change from the initial Al2O3 and Al-Mn-O inclusions to Al-Mg-O spinel inclusions and Al-Mg-O composite inclusions. With the further addition of Mg, a large number of large-size MgO inclusions began to appear in steel. The average size of inclusions in 21-4N steel decreased from 4.576μm to 2.89μm, and the density of inclusions increased from 54 to 132 /mm2. The distribution uniformity of inclusions is obviously improved.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Mg on Inclusions in 21-4N Valve Steel

Liu

Sun

et al. 2023

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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“…Wang [ 17 ] studied the modification route of rare earth yttrium (Y) on alumina inclusions: Al 2 O 3 → Y 2 S 3 + YAlO 3 + Al 2 O 3 → Y 2 S 3 + YAlO 3 + Y 2 O 2 S + YAlO 3 + Al 2 O 3 → Y 2 S 3 + Y 2 O 2 S. Rare earth La and Ce are lanthanide elements which have research significance for the modification of inclusions. There are many thermodynamic studies on the treatment of Al 2 O 3 inclusions with rare earth in molten steel [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. There are few studies on the addition of rare earth-treated Al 2 O 3 inclusions with high-carbon steel as experimental raw material; reports on the kinetic surface in particular are limited [ 25 , 26 , 27 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rare earth La and Ce are lanthanide elements which have research significance for the modification of inclusions. There are many thermodynamic studies on the treatment of Al 2 O 3 inclusions with rare earth in molten steel [18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. There are few studies on the addition of rare earth-treated Al 2 O 3 inclusions with high-carbon steel as experimental raw material; reports on the kinetic surface in particular are limited [25][26][27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refinement and Modification of Al2O3 Inclusions in High-Carbon Hard Wire Steel via Rare Earth Lanthanum

Ning

Wang

et al. 2023

Materials

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In this paper, an experimental protocol of adding rare earth lanthanum (La) was used to refine and modify inclusions (Al2O3) in aluminum-deoxidized steel. An optical microscope (OM), a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) were used to study the impact of size distribution, number density, distribution uniformity, interfacial distance, area density, and so on of rare earth La on high-carbon hard wire steel inclusions. As indicated by the findings when the addition amount of La is 0.063%, the refining and homogenizing effect of Al2O3 inclusions in steel is the best. The average diameter of the inclusions is 1.75 μm, the uniformity is 0.84, the proportion of the interfacial spacing greater than 10 μm is 48.4%, and the area density of inclusions is set at 0.014. Based on classical thermodynamics and Factsage software, the effect of La activity on inclusion formation was computed. As indicated by the findings, the addition of rare earth La mainly combines with O and S in the liquid steel, and the La-containing inclusions wrap around the Al2O3 inclusions, hindering the Al2O3 inclusions. Through the evolution of inclusions during solidification, the modification of Al2O3 inclusions via rare earth La and the types of inclusions are discussed. The experimental results and theoretical calculations verify that the optimal treatment plan is to add 0.063% La.

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“…Currently, many studies have been conducted to explore the effects of the inclusions on the machinability of the non-quenched and tempered steel [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Studies have shown that the sulfide in the steel mainly exists in the form of MnS [15], one of most harmful inclusions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inclusions modification and improvement of machinability in a non-quenched and tempered steel with Mg treatment

Sun

Xie

et al. 2020

Metall. Res. Technol.

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To explore the effect of Mg on the inclusions and machinability in a non-quenched and tempered steel, the industrial tests and machining experiments were carried out. The evolutions of the inclusions after Mg treatment were described and the machining effects between Mg addition and non-addition were compared. The results show that with Mg addition of 13 ppm, most of the long-strip inclusions above 50 µm were transformed into spindle and spherical inclusions with the sizes below 50 µm, and the density of inclusions increased from 197 to 356 mm2. The percentage of composite inclusions increased from 9.23 to 28.38%. The machining experiments show that the surface roughness of steel decreased from 4.64 to 2.81. After Mg–Ca treatment, the tool wear decreased from 0.164 to 0.113 mm, and the percentage of C-type chips increased from 24.37 to 79.03%.

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The Evolution and Thermodynamic Analysis of Inclusions in Gear Steel after Magnesium Treatment

Cited by 6 publications

References 4 publications

Influence of Mg on Inclusions in 21-4N Valve Steel

Influence of Mg on Inclusions in 21-4N Valve Steel

Refinement and Modification of Al2O3 Inclusions in High-Carbon Hard Wire Steel via Rare Earth Lanthanum

Inclusions modification and improvement of machinability in a non-quenched and tempered steel with Mg treatment

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