The Evolution of Body Form in Bryophytes

Goffinet, Bernard; Buck, William R.

doi:10.1002/9781118305881.ch2

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…The evolution of the moss body is marked by transformation to an increasingly complex architecture (Goffinet & Buck, 2013). Maintaining such complexity may be developmentally highly constrained and metabolically costly.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sporophyte of mosses is always permanently attached and dependent on July 2019 | Volume 57 | Issue 4 | 404-417 the maternal gametophyte, unbranched, and terminated by a single sporangium (Goffinet et al, 2009). In the majority of mosses, the axis subtending the sporangium is elongated, elevating the spore-producing capsule, it bears stomata, dehisces via the release of a differentiated operculum, and regulates spore release using hygroscopic teeth lining the mouth of the dehisced capsule (Goffinet & Buck, 2013). However, such fully developed sporophytes are not universally conserved among mosses, or within the Bryophytina, that is, the peristomate mosses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phylogenomic delineation of Physcomitrium (Bryophyta: Funariaceae) based on targeted sequencing of nuclear exons and their flanking regions rejects the retention of Physcomitrella, Physcomitridium and Aphanorrhegma

Medina

Johnson

Liu

et al. 2019

J of Sytematics Evolution

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Selection on spore dispersal mechanisms in mosses is thought to shape the transformation of the sporophyte. The majority of extant mosses develop a sporangium that dehisces through the loss of an operculum, and regulates spore release through the movement of articulate teeth, the peristome, lining the capsule mouth. Such complexity was acquired by the Mesozoic Era, but was lost in some groups during subsequent diversification events, challenging the resolution of the affinities for taxa with reduced architectures. The Funariaceae are a cosmopolitan and diverse lineage of mostly annual mosses, and exhibit variable sporophyte complexities, spanning from long, exerted, operculate capsules with two rings of well‐developed teeth, to capsules immersed among maternal leaves, lacking a differentiated line of dehiscence (i.e., inoperculate) and without peristomes. The family underwent a rapid diversification, and the relationships of taxa with reduced sporophytes remain ambiguous. Here, we infer the relationships of five taxa with highly reduced sporophytes based on 648 nuclear loci (exons complemented by their flanking regions), based on inferences from concatenated data and concordance analysis of single gene trees. Physcomitrellopsis is resolved as nested within one clade of Entosthodon. Physcomitrella s. l., is resolved as a polyphyletic assemblage and, along with its putative relative Aphanorrhegma, nested within Physcomitrium. We propose a new monophyletic delineation of Physcomitrium, which accommodates species of Physcomitrella and Aphanorrhegma. The monophyly of Physcomitrium s. l. is supported by a small plurality of exons, but a majority of trees inferred from exons and their adjacent non‐coding regions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenomic delineation of Physcomitrium (Bryophyta: Funariaceae) based on targeted sequencing of nuclear exons and their flanking regions rejects the retention of Physcomitrella, Physcomitridium and Aphanorrhegma

Medina

Johnson

Liu

et al. 2019

J of Sytematics Evolution

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“…Even the most basal plants, including some streptophyte algae (Kenrick & Crane, 1997;Wodniok et al, 2011), develop through the action of an apical cell (Graham et al, 2000). Liverworts, or hornworts, are often discussed to be the most ancient land plants (Gensel, 2008;Wickett et al, 2014) and their thalli grow through marginal meristems (Hagemann, 1999), but also by the activity of apical cells (Goffinet & Buck, 2013). Both sporophytes and gametophytes of ferns (and mosses) bear apical cells mediating their growth (Hagemann, 1999;Prigge & Bezanilla, 2010;Schneider, 2013).…”

Section: Regulon Of Azolla Rootsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokinin‐induced promotion of root meristem size in the fern Azolla supports a shoot‐like origin of euphyllophyte roots

et al. 2015

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Summary The phytohormones cytokinin and auxin orchestrate the root meristem development in angiosperms by determining embryonic bipolarity. Ferns, having the most basal euphyllophyte root, form neither bipolar embryos nor permanent embryonic primary roots but rather an adventitious root system. This raises the questions of how auxin and cytokinin govern fern root system architecture and whether this can tell us something about the origin of that root.Using Azolla filiculoides, we characterized the influence of IAA and zeatin on adventitious fern root meristems and vasculature by Nomarski microscopy. Simultaneously, RNAseq analyses, yielding 36 091 contigs, were used to uncover how the phytohormones affect root tip gene expression.We show that auxin restricts Azolla root meristem development, while cytokinin promotes it; it is the opposite effect of what is observed in Arabidopsis. Global gene expression profiling uncovered 145 genes significantly regulated by cytokinin or auxin, including cell wall modulators, cell division regulators and lateral root formation coordinators.Our data illuminate both evolution and development of fern roots. Promotion of meristem size through cytokinin supports the idea that root meristems of euphyllophytes evolved from shoot meristems. The foundation of these roots was laid in a postembryonically branching shoot system.

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“…Reduction of the diploid generation occurred multiple times in the complex, giving rise to several species with a Physcomitrium phenotype (Medina et al, 2019). Whether such transformations were triggered by similar genetic processes is not known, and in fact the molecular mechanisms underlying sporophyte development in mosses, in particular that of contrasting sporophyte morphologies in the Funariaceae, are poorly understood (Goffinet and Buck, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptional Landscapes of Divergent Sporophyte Development in Two Mosses, Physcomitrium (Physcomitrella) patens and Funaria hygrometrica

et al. 2020

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Understanding the molecular basis of morphological shifts is a fundamental question of evolutionary biology. New morphologies may arise through the birth/death of genes (gene gain/loss) or by reutilizing existing gene sets. Yet, the relative contribution of these two processes to radical morphological shifts is still poorly understood. Here, we use the model system of two mosses, Funaria hygrometrica and Physcomitrium (Physcomitrella) patens, to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying contrasting sporophyte architectures. We used comparative analysis of time-series expression data for four stages of sporophyte development in both species to address this question in detail. We found that large-scale differences in sporophytic architecture are mainly governed by orthologous (i.e., shared) genes frequently experiencing temporal gene expression shifts between the two species. While the absolute number of species-specific genes expressed during sporophyte development is somewhat smaller, we observed a significant increase of their proportion in preferentially sporophyte expressed genes, suggesting a fundamental role in the sporophyte phase. However, further functional studies are necessary to determine their contribution to diverging sporophyte morphologies. Our results add to the growing set of studies suggesting that radical changes in morphology may rely on the heterochronic expression of conserved regulators.

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The Evolution of Body Form in Bryophytes

Cited by 17 publications

References 63 publications

Phylogenomic delineation of Physcomitrium (Bryophyta: Funariaceae) based on targeted sequencing of nuclear exons and their flanking regions rejects the retention of Physcomitrella, Physcomitridium and Aphanorrhegma

Phylogenomic delineation of Physcomitrium (Bryophyta: Funariaceae) based on targeted sequencing of nuclear exons and their flanking regions rejects the retention of Physcomitrella, Physcomitridium and Aphanorrhegma

Cytokinin‐induced promotion of root meristem size in the fern Azolla supports a shoot‐like origin of euphyllophyte roots

Transcriptional Landscapes of Divergent Sporophyte Development in Two Mosses, Physcomitrium (Physcomitrella) patens and Funaria hygrometrica

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