The Evolution of Development Agendas: A Content Analysis of World Bank Projects in Türkiye

Abstract

The loans provided by the World Bank on a project basis play a significant role in shaping both international and national policy practices. This study conducts a content analysis of the 308 projects funded by World Bank loans in Türkiye. Covering all projects from the first one accepted in 1951 to those still in the pipeline as of 2025, the analysis is based on the projects’ objectives and content. MAXQDA software was used for the analysis and visualization of results. The findings reveal that the development goals of the projects between Türkiye and the World Bank have been predominantly shaped by the international policy agenda. There is a noticeable shift in project objectives from infrastructure and industry-focused initiatives toward themes like economic liberalization, social development, and environmental sustainability. Türkiye’s priorities and unique conditions, however, are mainly reflected in projects addressing economic crises, natural disasters, and refugee support. Future projects are likely to focus on areas emphasized by the global policy agenda, such as climate resilience, energy transitions, and digital innovation, with continued emphasis on sustainable and inclusive development.