The Evolution of Exudativory in Primates

Burrows, Anne M.; Nash, Leanne T.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-6661-2

Cited by 22 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 13 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Marmoset cranial shape and musculature, dentition, in addition to digestive features [52, 53, 54, 55], support Callithrix exudivory by allowing marmosets to gouge and scrape hard plant surfaces to access and digest natural exudate sources made of hard to digest oligosaccharides [52, 56, 57, 58, 55, 54, 53, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64]. However, interspecific differences in marmoset cranial shape and dentition Callithrix species are linked to intersepcific differences in exudivory specializaiton [56, 65, 66, 67], with C. jacchus and C. penicillata representing the extreme of marmoset exudivory specialization and C. aurita being the least specialized [68].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pelage Variation and Morphometrics of Closely RelatedCallithrixMarmoset Species and Their Hybrids

Malukiewicz

Warren

Boere

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Hybrids are expected to show greater phenotypic variation than their parental species, yet how hybrid phenotype expression varies with genetic distances in closely-related parental species remains surprisingly understudied. Here we study pelage and morphometric trait variation in anthropogenic hybrids between four species of BrazilianCallithrixmarmosets, a relatively recent primate radiation. Marmoset species are distinguishable by pelage phenotype and level of morphological specialization for eating tree exudates. Here, we (1) describe qualitative phenotypic pelage differences between parental species and hybrids; (2) test whether significant quantitative differences exist between parental and hybrid morphometric phenotypes; and (3) determine which hybrid morphometic traits show heterosis, dysgenesis, trangression, or intermediacy relative to the parental trait. For morphometric traits, we investigated both cranial and post-cranial traits, particularly as most hybrid morphological studies focus on the former instead of the latter. Finally, we estimate mitogenomic distances between marmoset species from previously published data. Results: Hybrid facial and overall body pelage variation reflected coloration and patterns seen in parental species. In morphometric traits,C. jacchusandC. penicillatawere the most similar to each other, whileC. auritawas the most distinct, andC. geoffroyitrait measures fell between these other species. Most traits inC. jacchusxC. penicillatahybrids showed either heterosis or were intermediate relative to the parental trait values. We observed heterosis and dygenesis in traits ofC. penicillataxC. geoffroyihybrids. Trangressive segregation was observed in hybrids ofC. auritaand the other species. These hybrids were alsoC. aurita-like for a number of traits. Genetic distance was closest betweenC. jacchusandC. penicillataand farthest betweenC. auritaand the other species. Conclusion: We attributed significant phenotypic differences between marmoset species to differences in morphological exudivory specialization in these species. Our results suggest that intermediate hybrid traits relative to the parental trait values are more likely in crosses between species with relatively lesser genetic distance. More extreme phenotypic variation is more likely in parental species with greater genetic distance, with transgressive traits appearing in hybrids of the most genetically distant parental species. We further suggest that that less developmental disturbances can be expected in hybrids of more recently diverged parental species.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pelage Variation and Morphometrics of Closely RelatedCallithrixMarmoset Species and Their Hybrids

Malukiewicz

Warren

Boere

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Exudate Feeding

Porter

2017

The International Encyclopedia of Primatology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Exudates are substances produced by plants which do not contain living cells; they include nectar, sap, gum, latex, and resin. Exudates vary considerably in their biochemical composition, their function, and the frequency and quantity with which they are produced. Primates can consume nectar, sap, and latex; however, most primates consume gums. Primates of the Callitrichinae, Galaginae, and Cheirogaleidae show the greatest anatomical specializations for exudate foraging and digestion. Adaptations for exudativory include chisel‐like incisors for scraping and gouging, claw‐like nails for clinging to tree trunks, and enlarged cecums where microbes ferment gums into digestible molecules. Unlike other plant foods, many exudates are available year‐round: likely as a result of this benefit, exudativory has evolved numerous times in a variety of primate taxonomic groups.

show abstract

Rethinking Primate Origins Again

Sussman

Rasmussén

Raven

2012

American J Primatol

161

105

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In 1974, Cartmill introduced the theory that the earliest primate adaptations were related to their being visually oriented predators active on slender branches. Given more recent data on primate-like marsupials, nocturnal prosimians, and early fossil primates, and the context in which these primates first appeared, this theory has been modified. We hypothesize that our earliest primate relatives were likely exploiting the products of co-evolving angiosperms, along with insects attracted to fruits and flowers, in the slender supports of the terminal branch milieu. This has been referred to as the primate/angiosperm co-evolution theory. Cartmill subsequently posited that: "If the first euprimates had grasping feet and blunt teeth adapted for eating fruit, but retained small divergent orbits…" then the angiosperm coevolution theory would have support. The recent discovery of Carpolestes simpsoni provides this support. In addition, new field data on small primate diets, and a new theory concerning the visual adaptations of primates, have provided further evidence supporting the angiosperm coevolution theory.

show abstract

The Evolution of Exudativory in Primates

Cited by 22 publications

References 13 publications

Pelage Variation and Morphometrics of Closely RelatedCallithrixMarmoset Species and Their Hybrids

Pelage Variation and Morphometrics of Closely RelatedCallithrixMarmoset Species and Their Hybrids

Exudate Feeding

Rethinking Primate Origins Again

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About