The evolution of structural resilience of global oil and gas resources trade network

Abstract

This paper establishes anetwork resilience evaluation framework of the global oil and gas resourcetrade network in 2010, 2015 and 2020. The results are as follows: The links of the oil trade network present a gradually shrinking trend, and the gas tradenetwork presents a trend of close connection first and then reduced. In termsof network density, network centrality, network connectivity and network size, the structural resilience of the oil and gas resource trade network displays ashrinking trend, and the gas trade network is superior. Concerninginvulnerability and recovery, the resilience of the oil trade network issuperior to the natural gas trade network. In simulated attacks, the oil tradenetwork reveals a higher resilience towards intentional attacks, and the gastrade network shows a higher resilience towards random attacks. The Strait ofHormuz and the Strait of Malacca are critical chokepoints in the networks.

Impact of the Russia–Ukraine Conflict on Global Marine Network Based on Massive Vessel Trajectories

“…By leveraging complex network indicators and resilience models, the resilience of maritime networks can be comprehensively evaluated [27]. This approach was also applied to the analysis of oil and gas trade networks in global maritime transportation [18]. Building upon the aforementioned research, this study improves upon existing methodologies by refining the calculation of complex network indicators and integrating network performance indicators, which also reflect the dimensional characteristics of resilience, into the resilience assessment.…”

“…In the face of an attack, a network with higher resilience exhibits greater resistance and ability to recover. A network with high resilience can quickly absorb attacks and recover, thereby minimizing the losses caused by unexpected events [18]. There are two main categories for measuring traffic network resilience: those based on topological structure indicators and those based on system performance indicators.…”

Assessing the efficiency and vulnerability of global liner shipping network

“…Regarding the component disruption scenarios in complex transportation networks, previous studies commonly model such scenarios by completely removing the disrupted components (i.e. nodes and links) from a network (Sun et al., 2022; Woolley‐Meza et al., 2011; Zhou et al., 2021). In liner shipping practices, port disruptions are more likely to occur than link disruptions.…”