The evolutionarily conserved genes: Tex37, Ccdc73, Prss55 and Nxt2 are dispensable for fertility in mice

Khan, Manan; Jabeen, Nazish; Khan, Teka; Hussain, Hafiz Muhammad Jafar; Ali, Asim; Khan, Ranjha; Jiang, Long; Li, Tao; Tao, Qizhao; Zhang, Xingxia; Yin, Hong; Yu, Chang-Ping; Jiang, Xiaohua; Shi, Qinghua

doi:10.1038/s41598-018-23176-x

Cited by 36 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Despite how these molecules affect the presence of mature ADAM3 on the sperm surface, an essential role for mature ADAM3 and other ADAMs that are modulated by serine proteases, such as PRSS37 and PRSS55, during the process of fertilization should not be neglected. Additionally, another group also reported that PRSS55 is dispensable for male fertility in mice (Khan et al, ). This discrepancy may be due to the different genetic backgrounds of the two groups of mice (Khan et al, ; Shang et al, ).…”

Section: Testis‐specific Serine Proteases (Prss37 and Prss55)mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Therefore, PRSS37 and PRSS55, as serine proteases, were more likely to modulate the posttranslational modifications of ADAM3 reported that PRSS55 is dispensable for male fertility in mice (Khan et al, 2018). This discrepancy may be due to the different genetic backgrounds of the two groups of mice (Khan et al, 2018;Shang et al, 2018). Mice with different genetic backgrounds may have slightly different functions for a particular gene.…”

Section: Testis-specific Serine Proteases (Prss3and Prss55)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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An update of the regulatory factors of sperm migration from the uterus into the oviduct by genetically manipulated mice

Xiong

Wang

Shen

2019

Molecular Reproduction Devel

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Mammalian reproductive processes involve spermatogenesis, which occurs in the testis, and fertilization, which takes place in the female genital tract. Fertilization is a successive, multistep, and extremely complicated event that usually includes sperm survival in the uterus, sperm migration through the uterotubal junction (UTJ) and the oviduct, sperm penetration through the cumulus cell layer and the zona pellucida, and sperm–egg fusion. There may be a complex molecular mechanism to ensure that the above processes run smoothly. Previous studies have discovered essential factors for these fertilization steps through in vitro fertilization experiments. However, recent gene disruption approaches in mice have revealed that many of the factors previously described as important for fertilization are largely dispensable in gene‐knockout animals, and some previously unknown factors are emerging. As a result, the molecular mechanisms of fertilization, especially sperm migration from the uterus into the oviduct, have recently been revised by the emergence of genetically modified animals. In this review, we only focus on and update the essential genes for sperm migration through the UTJ and describe recent advances in our knowledge of the basis of mammalian sperm migration.

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Section: Testis‐specific Serine Proteases (Prss37 and Prss55)mentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Testis-specific Serine Proteases (Prss3and Prss55)mentioning

confidence: 99%

An update of the regulatory factors of sperm migration from the uterus into the oviduct by genetically manipulated mice

Xiong

Wang

Shen

2019

Molecular Reproduction Devel

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“…These are TEX37 (Testis Expressed 37), SYCP2L (Synaptonemal Complex Protein 2 Like) and IL15 (Interleukin 15); they are not associated with GC bias nor located in GC-rich regions. TEX37 is predominantly expressed in the testis [38] while SYCP2L is mainly expressed in the ovary [39]. In addition, gene association studies report a correlation between SYCP2L variants and lipid metabolism, although the mechanism remains unknown [40,41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Divergent genes in gerbils: prevalence, relation to GC-biased substitution, and phenotypic relevance

2020

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Background Two gerbil species, sand rat (Psammomys obesus) and Mongolian jird (Meriones unguiculatus), can become obese and show signs of metabolic dysregulation when maintained on standard laboratory diets. The genetic basis of this phenotype is unknown. Recently, genome sequencing has uncovered very unusual regions of high guanine and cytosine (GC) content scattered across the sand rat genome, most likely generated by extreme and localized biased gene conversion. A key pancreatic transcription factor PDX1 is encoded by a gene in the most extreme GC-rich region, is remarkably divergent and exhibits altered biochemical properties. Here, we ask if gerbils have proteins in addition to PDX1 that are aberrantly divergent in amino acid sequence, whether they have also become divergent due to GC-biased nucleotide changes, and whether these proteins could plausibly be connected to metabolic dysfunction exhibited by gerbils. Results We analyzed ~ 10,000 proteins with 1-to-1 orthologues in human and rodents and identified 50 proteins that accumulated unusually high levels of amino acid change in the sand rat and 41 in Mongolian jird. We show that more than half of the aberrantly divergent proteins are associated with GC biased nucleotide change and many are in previously defined high GC regions. We highlight four aberrantly divergent gerbil proteins, PDX1, INSR, MEDAG and SPP1, that may plausibly be associated with dietary metabolism. Conclusions We show that through the course of gerbil evolution, many aberrantly divergent proteins have accumulated in the gerbil lineage, and GC-biased nucleotide substitution rather than positive selection is the likely cause of extreme divergence in more than half of these. Some proteins carry putatively deleterious changes that could be associated with metabolic and physiological phenotypes observed in some gerbil species. We propose that these animals provide a useful model to study the ‘tug-of-war’ between natural selection and the excessive accumulation of deleterious substitutions mutations through biased gene conversion.

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“…Among testis‐specific genes or genes predominantly expressed in testis, both in mice and in humans, at least 54 showed no effect on male fertilizing ability upon gene disruption . Recently, another four genes were added to this list . All genes may have some role in the body, but their functions range from important to unimportant.…”

Section: A Specific Expression Pattern Does Not Necessarily Mean a Spmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beware of memes in the interpretation of your results – lessons from gene‐disrupted mice in fertilization research

Okabe

2018

FEBS Letters

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For decades, researchers in the fertilization field reported various candidate factors involved in sperm-egg interaction through experiments using enzyme inhibitors and/or antibodies. However, almost all of these factors have been shown to be nonessential by gene disruption experiments. Recently, attention has focused on the low reproducibility of papers in many research fields. In this Review, I retrospectively revisit how fertilization factors were misinterpreted and led to wrong hypotheses in relation to the reportedly low reproducibility of scientific papers.

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The evolutionarily conserved genes: Tex37, Ccdc73, Prss55 and Nxt2 are dispensable for fertility in mice

Cited by 36 publications

References 39 publications

An update of the regulatory factors of sperm migration from the uterus into the oviduct by genetically manipulated mice

An update of the regulatory factors of sperm migration from the uterus into the oviduct by genetically manipulated mice

Divergent genes in gerbils: prevalence, relation to GC-biased substitution, and phenotypic relevance

Beware of memes in the interpretation of your results – lessons from gene‐disrupted mice in fertilization research

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