The Excretion of Urea in Normal Man and in Subjects With Glomerulonephritis 1

Chasis, Herbert; Smith, Homer W.

doi:10.1172/jci100959

Cited by 124 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Thus, the increased urea excretion during mannitol diuresis in man (Chasis & Smith, 1938), dog (e.g. Shannon, 1938) and rat (Ullrich et al 1963), as in the present experiments, probably results from a changed concentration gradient, less favourable for passive urea diffusion from the proximal tubule and collecting duct (Ullrich et al 1963), due to mannitolobligated water retention in the nephron.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

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Effects of water diuresis and osmotic (mannitol) diuresis on urinary solute excretion by the conscious rat

Atherton¹,

Hai²,

Thomas³

1968

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. The time course and extent of changes in urinary flow and in the outputs of urea, Na+, K+, and NH+ over a period of 71 hr in conscious rats during water and osmotic (mannitol) diuresis were determined, and compared with spontaneous changes in non-diuretic animals.2. In non-diuretic rats, a morning rise and subsequent decline in urinary osmolal, sodium, potassium and ammonium outputs occurred, possibly attributable to circadian rhythms.3. Water diuresis was accompanied by (i) a rapid increase in urea excretion during the phase of increasing urine flow, followed by a fall in later periods to values similar to those in non-diuresis, (ii) a slower increase in sodium output, continuing after the establishment of the constant water load, (iii) unchanged potassium excretion, but slightly increased ammonium outputs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

“…Urea excretion is also increased in man (e.g. Chasis & Smith, 1938), dog (e.g. Shannon, 1938) and rat (Ullrich, Schmidt-Nielsen, O'Dell, Pehling, Gottschalk, Lassiter & Mylle, 1963).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of water diuresis and osmotic (mannitol) diuresis on urinary solute excretion by the conscious rat

Atherton¹,

Hai²,

Thomas³

1968

The Journal of Physiology

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“…The use of inulin as the standard of reference for the measurement of the rate of filtration of plasma water rests upon good experimental evidence, so far as the normal human kidney is concerned (13). 1 In the diseased kidney, however, an increase in permeability of the tubule may permit the escape of water from the tubular urine without permitting the escape of inulin; and, conversely, a decrease in permeability of the glomerular membranes may retard the filtration of inulin without proportionally retarding the filtration of water; 2 (11). 3 The parallel behavior of urea and inulin in all stages of diffuse glomerular nephritis indicates that the reduced excretion of both substances is primarily attributable to the obliteration of the filtering bed rather than increased back-diffusion of urea (1).…”

Section: Definitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Note on the Interpretation of Clearance Methods in the Diseased Kidney

Smith

1941

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…Early investigators demonstrated that 57% of urea is reabsorbed in the proximal tubule. 60 The fractional excretion of urea (FeUrea) drops below 50% at urine flows below 3 cc/min (4320 mL/24 h) and appears near 40% by the time urine flow falls below 0.41 cc/min (590 mL/24 h). 61 While we have always understood that active transportation of NaCl was necessary for water conservation and its interference was useful for diuresis, we have only recently come to realize that urea reabsorption is also mediated by active transport.…”

Section: Ureamentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward the optimal clinical use of the fraction excretion of solutes in oliguric azotemia

et al. 2010

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While the fractional excretion of solutes have long been considered excellent research tools to investigate tubular physiology, their clinical use has become common over the last 40 years in the diagnoses of many disorders; however, none have reached the clinical utility of the fractional excretion of sodium in the ability to distinguish pre-renal azotemia from acute tubular necrosis. Nevertheless, there are many drugs and medical conditions that interfere with that utility and recently other solutes, including urea, uric acid and lithium, have been recently investigated to improve the diagnostic ability in clinical situations where the fractional excretion of sodium is known to be unreliable. We review the tubular physiology of these solutes and show how the differences in tubular physiology might be exploited to develop a strategy for their optimal clinical use.

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The Excretion of Urea in Normal Man and in Subjects With Glomerulonephritis 1

Cited by 124 publications

References 30 publications

Effects of water diuresis and osmotic (mannitol) diuresis on urinary solute excretion by the conscious rat

Effects of water diuresis and osmotic (mannitol) diuresis on urinary solute excretion by the conscious rat

Note on the Interpretation of Clearance Methods in the Diseased Kidney

Toward the optimal clinical use of the fraction excretion of solutes in oliguric azotemia

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