The explosion blast prediction model in the revised CPR 14E (yellow book)

Mercx, W.P.M.; Berg, A.C. van den

doi:10.1002/prs.680160308

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Data for relatively high reactivity fuels, including hydrogen, ethylene, and propylene were selected for a wide range of distances and flame speeds (see Figure 1). Another set of experimental data with obstacles [9, 10] and without obstacles [11, 13] is used here for model validation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For this purpose, the BST method uses flame speed tables [4–7] based on experimental data. Applications of the TNO multienergy method rely on a correlation for flame speeds based on the specific geometrical configuration used in the project MERGE (Modeling and Experimental Research into Gas Explosions), a cooperative European project [9, 10]. These two methods address geometries with relatively heavy obstructions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A flame speed correlationfor unconfined gaseous explosions

Dorofeev

2006

Process Safety Progress

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An approximate method for description of flame acceleration in congested areas filled with combustible gases is presented. The method takes into account both the flame folding arising from interactions with obstacles of the flow produced by the flame and the increase of the burning rate resulting from turbulence generated in the flow ahead of the flame. A simple analytical expression for the flame speed is suggested. Coefficients in this correlation are determined by fitting the model predictions with a set of experimental data. This correlation is then used to evaluate the maximum flame speed that may be developed in vapor cloud explosions as a function of scale and obstacle density. As an example of applications, the flame speeds are evaluated for four typical fuels: methane, propane, ethylene, and hydrogen, and for three different levels of congestion. Both ideal stoichiometric mixtures of the four fuels with air and clouds with nonuniform concentration distributions are considered. The method is shown to take appropriate account of mixture properties. In particular, the well‐known difference in combustion behavior of methane, propane, ethylene, and hydrogen was well captured by the method. On the basis of the maximum flame speeds, the severity of the blast effect from unconfined gaseous explosions is evaluated. The results are compared with other methods for evaluation of the blast effect from unconfined vapor cloud explosions. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2007

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A flame speed correlationfor unconfined gaseous explosions

Dorofeev

2006

Process Safety Progress

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“…The Multi-Energy concept (Mercx 1997, Van den Berg 1985, Van den Berg 1993, Van den Berg 2003 assumes that only the part of the combustion energy present in the flammable cloud which is confined or obstructed contributes to pressure generation in the explosion. In this way, the multi-energy model takes account of the positive feedback mechanism of a gas explosion.…”

Section: Tno Multi-energy (Me) Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vapor Cloud Explosion Prediction Methods—Comparison of TNO Multi-Energy (ME) and Baker-Strehlow-Tang (BST) Models in Terms of Vulnerability of Structural Damage Caused by an Explosion

Turner¹,

Sarı²

2012

Structures Congress 2012

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Vapor cloud explosions (VCE) cause considerable hazard in the chemical and petrochemical industries. They generate damaging levels of overpressure; the potential risk for human injury or death, damage to buildings and associated critical equipment becomes a concern. Predicting the possible consequences associated to vapor cloud explosions is important to ensure the safe design of existing and new installations. The accuracy of the assessments of such explosions is improved by carrying out experiments and by using theoretical models. To assess explosion hazards and to ultimately design safer structures several modeling approaches have been developed in order to estimate the air blast parameters at any given distance from a possible explosion source. Estimation of the overpressures that are generated from vapor cloud explosions is typically done via either simplified (empirical) models, phenomenological models or sophisticated computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models. This study includes a brief discussion on vapor cloud explosions and the prediction methods. The focus of this paper is on two of the most frequently used simplified prediction methods; the TNO Multi-energy (ME) model and the BakerStrehlow-Tang (BST) model. The present study investigates the differences between the two methods and evaluates them in terms of resulting structural response and damage vulnerability caused by an explosion.

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“…The Multi-Energy concept [16][17][18][19] assumes that only the part of the combustion energy present in the flammable cloud which is confined or obstructed contributes to pressure generation in the explosion. In this way, the multi-energy model takes account of the positive feedback mechanism of a gas explosion.…”

Section: Multi-energy (Me) Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…AutoReaGas has been extensively validated against many experiments on several key projects, involving MERGE [56,57], EMERGE [16] and Fire and Blast Joint Industry (JIP) Phase 2 that involved full scale tests as described in the report by Selby and Burgan [58]. The code has been also applied to case studies such as real offshore platforms [59,60] and real process plants [61,62].…”

Section: Autoreagasmentioning

confidence: 99%