The Extraordinary Progress in Very Early Cancer Diagnosis and Personalized Therapy: The Role of Oncomarkers and Nanotechnology

Fruscella, Marialuigina; Ponzetto, Antonio; Crema, Annalisa; Carloni, Guido

doi:10.1155/2016/3020361

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 151 publications

(203 reference statements)

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“…Actually, NPs can sufficiently disperse in aqueous solution and, thanks to their dimensions ranging from 1 to 200 nm, have more changes to avoid the activation of the complement cascade and their eventual clearance by immune cells and macrophages [20]. The fast nanotechnological evolution in the production of different kinds of NPs supports early disease diagnosis and staging, thus enabling also image-guided therapy and personalized therapy [192][193][194][195][196]. NPs application in theranostics allows to integrate diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities into a single nanostructure.…”

Section: Clinical Applications Of Nps Assisted Ultrasound In Cancer Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoparticle-assisted ultrasound: A special focus on sonodynamic therapy against cancer

Canavese

Ancona

Racca

et al. 2018

Chemical Engineering Journal

353

247

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• Ultrasound-based therapies are opening new horizons in the oncological field.• Innovative and promising solutions derive from different nanoparticles-assisted ultrasound treatments.• Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) emerged recently as a novel approach for cancer treatment.• Different and complex cell death mechanisms are involved in nanoparticles-assisted SDT.• Nanoparticles-assisted ultrasound is still at its infancy in clinics. A R T I C L E I N F O Keywords:Inertial cavitation Reactive oxygen species Sonoluminescence Sonodynamic Tumor Therapy Cytotoxicity A B S T R A C TAt present, ultrasound radiation is broadly employed in medicine for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes at various frequencies and intensities. In this review article, we focus on therapeutically-active nanoparticles (NPs) when stimulated by ultrasound. We first introduce the different ultrasound-based therapies with special attention to the techniques involved in the oncological field, then we summarize the different NPs used, ranging from soft materials, like liposomes or micro/nano-bubbles, to metal and metal oxide NPs. We therefore focus on the sonodynamic therapy and on the possible working mechanisms under debate of NPs-assisted sonodynamic treatments. We support the idea that various, complex and synergistics physical-chemical processes take place during acoustic cavitation and NP activation. Different mechanisms are therefore responsible for the final cancer cell death and strongly depends not only on the type and structure of NPs or nanocarriers, but also on the way they interact with the ultrasonic pressure waves. We conclude with a brief overview of the clinical applications of the various ultrasound therapies and the related use of NPs-assisted ultrasound in clinics, showing that this very innovative and promising approach is however still at its infancy in the clinical cancer treatment.

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Section: Clinical Applications Of Nps Assisted Ultrasound In Cancer Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoparticle-assisted ultrasound: A special focus on sonodynamic therapy against cancer

Canavese

Ancona

Racca

et al. 2018

Chemical Engineering Journal

353

247

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“…1 The advancement of nanotechnology has made it possible to diagnose diseases in the early stages and has enabled image-guided and personalized therapy. [2][3][4] Nanoparticle system (NPS)integrated diagnosis and therapy allow nanoparticles to be used to monitor bioaccumulation sites and evaluate therapeutic effectiveness both in vitro and in vivo. 5 Currently, the optimal combination of ultrasound and molecular biology techniques with nanoparticles can achieve the integration of diagnosis and treatment, visualization, and targeted diagnosis and therapy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>A Cleverly Designed Novel Lipid Nanosystem: Targeted Retention, Controlled Visual Drug Release, and Cascade Amplification Therapy for Mammary Carcinoma in vitro</p>

Zhao

Zhang

Cao

et al. 2020

IJN

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Objective: To construct an ideal theranostic nanoplatform (LIP3); to clarify its physicochemical properties; to confirm its characteristics of dual-modality imaging, active-targeting, and cascade amplification therapy for mammary carcinoma; and to perform a preliminary exploration of the cytotoxicity mechanism. Design: A self-prepared liposome nanosystem, LIP3, can actively target 4T1 cells because the surface is linked with C-RGD. Haematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME), an excellent sonosensitizer entrapped in the lipid bilayer, can function in photoacoustic imaging. Low-intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU) of ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD) promotes localized drug delivery into tumours because PFH, a phase-change substance, is loaded in the LIP3 core, achieving visualization of targeted drug release, and sonodynamic therapy (SDT) can kill tumour cells. SDT provides a favourable environment for AQ4N, resulting in amplification of LIP3 treatment. Therefore, LIP3 shows targeted aggregation and targeted release, integrating dual-mode imaging and precise treatment. Results: The self-prepared lipid nanosystem, LIP3, meets the above expectations and has ideal physicochemical properties, with a regular sphere with uniform distribution. Contrastenhanced ultrasound (CEUS), photoacoustic imaging, and bimodal imaging were effective in vitro. In 4T1 cell experiments, the cell capacity was as high as 42.9%, and the cytotoxicity to 4T1 was more than 5 times that of LIP1 (containing AQ4N only) and more than 2 times that of LIP2 (containing only HMME), achieving comparable results as cascade therapy for mammary cancer. Conclusion: LIP3, a theranostic nanoplatform, was successfully constructed and conformed to the physicochemical characterization of ideal nanoparticles, with active-targeting, dualmodality imaging, visualized drug release, and precise treatment under the action of LIFU. SDT provides a favourable environment for AQ4N, resulting in amplification of LIP3 treatment. Therefore, LIP3 shows targeted aggregation and targeted release, integrating dualmode imaging, and precise cascade treatment. This unique theranostic NPS with multiple capabilities is expected to be a favourable anti-cancer method in the future.

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“…Personalized oncology is raising new prospects for the elimination of cancer incidence by specifically targeting anticancer medicines to cancerous cells, target areas on the cell surface and inside the tumor microenvironment. Nanooncology has succeeded in improving the specificity and efficiency of cancer therapies, both by promoting the development and distribution of medications and by reducing clinical toxicity and serious incidents [82]. Personalization of cancer treatment is focused on a deeper knowledge of the pathogenesis at the molecular scale and nanomedicine can play a significant role in this direction.…”

Section: Personalized Nanomedicine In the Treatment Of Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Role of Nanotechnology and Pharmacogenetics in Diagnosis and Treatment of Diseases

Chawla¹,

Rani²,

Mishra³

et al. 2021

Pharmacogenetics

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“One size fits all” is an erroneous paradigm in drug delivery, due to side effects/adverse effects and variability observed in drug response. The variability is a result of geneotypic variations (variability in genomic constitution) which is studied in the branch of science called Pharmacogenomics. The variability in drug response is studied by multigene analysis or profiling of whole-genome single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and is recorded in terms of the pharmacokinetic (absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination) and pharmacodynamic (drug-receptor interaction, immune response, etc.) response of the drug. Therefore, a foray into this research area can provide valuable information for designing of drug therapies, identifying disease etiology, therapeutic targets and biomarkers for application in treatment and diagnosis of diseases. Lately, with the integration of pharmacogenomics and nanotechnology, a new facade for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases has opened up, and the prescription pattern of drugs has moved to pharmacotyping (individualized dose and dosage-form adjusted therapy) using nanoplatforms like nanobioconjugates, nanotheranostics, etc.

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The Extraordinary Progress in Very Early Cancer Diagnosis and Personalized Therapy: The Role of Oncomarkers and Nanotechnology

Cited by 10 publications

References 151 publications

Nanoparticle-assisted ultrasound: A special focus on sonodynamic therapy against cancer

Nanoparticle-assisted ultrasound: A special focus on sonodynamic therapy against cancer

<p>A Cleverly Designed Novel Lipid Nanosystem: Targeted Retention, Controlled Visual Drug Release, and Cascade Amplification Therapy for Mammary Carcinoma in vitro</p>

Integrated Role of Nanotechnology and Pharmacogenetics in Diagnosis and Treatment of Diseases

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