The eye imaginal disc as a model to study the coordination of neuronal and glial development

Silies, Marion; Yuva-Aydemir, Yeliz; Franzdóttir, Sigríður Rut; Klämbt, Christian

doi:10.4161/fly.4.1.11312

Cited by 29 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 109 publications

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“…3A, Drosophila brain complexes are imaged after utilizing the Gap4-Repo system to genetically introduce GFP+ glia into live Drosophila. As shown, glia are seen to migrate from the optic stalk (~250 μm in cross-section) to prescribed locations in the eye upon being ushered by concentration gradients of key growth factors (Silies et al, 2010). These eye complexes were then removed and FACS sorted for GFP+ glia, as seen in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, our group has demonstrated that Notch loss of function disrupts RBG migration (Shamloula et al, 2002), while exogenous EGF signaling has been shown to activate long-distance migration of retinal progenitor cells (Unachukwu et al, 2013). In addition, FGF ligands are known to control glia differentiation, migration, and axonal wrapping central to vision (Silies et al, 2010; Tulin and Stathopoulos, 2010a,b). FGF signaling molecules are believed to be produced at a localized source and then dispersed into targeted tissue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Controlled microfluidics to examine growth-factor induced migration of neural progenitors in the Drosophila visual system

Beck

Singh

Farooqi

et al. 2016

Journal of Neuroscience Methods

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Background The developing visual system in Drosophila melanogaster provides an excellent model with which to examine the effects of changing microenvironments on neural cell migration via microfluidics, because the combined experimental system enables direct genetic manipulation, in vivo observation, and in vitro imaging of cells, post-embryo. Exogenous signaling from ligands such as fibroblast growth factor (FGF) is well-known to control glia differentiation, cell migration, and axonal wrapping central to vision. New method The current study employs a microfluidic device to examine how controlled concentration gradient fields of FGF are able to regulate the migration of vision-critical glia cells with and without cellular contact with neuronal progenitors. Results Our findings quantitatively illustrate a concentration-gradient dependent chemotaxis toward FGF, and further demonstrate that glia require collective and coordinated neuronal locomotion to achieve directionality, sustain motility, and propagate long cell distances in the visual system. Comparison with existing method(s) Conventional assays are unable to examine concentration- and gradient-dependent migration. Our data illustrate quantitative correlations between ligand concentration/gradient and glial cell distance traveled, independent or in contact with neurons. Conclusions Microfluidic systems in combination with a genetically-amenable experimental system empowers researchers to dissect the signaling pathways that underlie cellular migration during nervous system development. Our findings illustrate the need for coordinated neuron-glia migration in the Drosophila visual system, as only glia within heterogeneous populations exhibited increasing motility along distances that increased with increasing FGF concentration. Such coordinated migration and chemotactic dependence can be manipulated for potential therapeutic avenues for NS repair and/or disease treatment.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlled microfluidics to examine growth-factor induced migration of neural progenitors in the Drosophila visual system

Beck

Singh

Farooqi

et al. 2016

Journal of Neuroscience Methods

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“…The growth and shape of axons and dendrites, for example, and the establishment of specific connections with target cells are controlled by intrinsic and extrinsic cues that include genetic information, environmental factors, cell interactions, and synaptic activity (Landgraf and Thor 2006;Sanchez-Soriano et al 2007;Corty et al 2009;Silies et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circadian rhythms in the morphology of neurons in Drosophila

Mehnert

Cantera

2011

Cell Tissue Res

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Neurons have an enormous capacity to adapt to changing conditions through the regulation of gene expression, morphology, and physiology. In the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, this plasticity includes recurrent changes taking place within intervals of a few hours during the day. The rhythmic alterations in the morphology of neurons described so far include changes in axonal diameter, branching complexity, synapse numbers, and the number of synaptic vesicles. The cycles of these changes have larger amplitude when the fly is exposed to light, but they persist in constant darkness and require the expression of the clock genes period and timeless, leading to the concept of circadian plasticity. The molecular mechanisms driving these cycles appear to require the expression of these genes either inside the neurons themselves or in other peripheral pacemaker cells. Loss-of-function mutations in period and timeless not only abolish the morphological rhythms, but also often cause abnormal axonal branching suggesting that circadian plasticity is relevant for the maintenance of normal morphology. Research into whether (1) circadian plasticity is a common feature of neurons in all animals and (2) our own neurons change shape between day and night will be of interest.

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“…Drosophila is advantageous for such studies as it has a simple family of integrin subunits consisting of five alpha and two beta subunits (Brown et al, 2000). Furthermore, the eye and optic stalk is an excellent model for studying glial development and, in particular, permits detailed analysis of glia-axon, glia-glial and glia-ECM interactions (Silies et al, 2010). The late larval optic stalk (OS) contains three distinct glial layers (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Loss of focal adhesions in glia disrupts both glial and photoreceptor axon migration in the Drosophila visual system

et al. 2014

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Many aspects of glial development are regulated by extracellular signals, including those from the extracellular matrix (ECM). Signals from the ECM are received by cell surface receptors, including the integrin family. Previously, we have shown that Drosophila integrins form adhesion complexes with Integrin-linked kinase and talin in the peripheral nerve glia and have conserved roles in glial sheath formation. However, integrin function in other aspects of glial development is unclear. The Drosophila eye imaginal disc (ED) and optic stalk (OS) complex is an excellent model with which to study glial migration, differentiation and glia-neuron interactions. We studied the roles of the integrin complexes in these glial developmental processes during OS/eye development. The common beta subunit βPS and two alpha subunits, αPS2 and αPS3, are located in puncta at both glia-glia and glia-ECM interfaces. Depletion of βPS integrin and talin by RNAi impaired the migration and distribution of glia within the OS resulting in morphological defects. Reduction of integrin or talin in the glia also disrupted photoreceptor axon outgrowth leading to axon stalling in the OS and ED. The neuronal defects were correlated with a disruption of the carpet glia tube paired with invasion of glia into the core of the OS and the formation of a glial cap. Our results suggest that integrin-mediated extracellular signals are important for multiple aspects of glial development and non-autonomously affect axonal migration during Drosophila eye development.

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The eye imaginal disc as a model to study the coordination of neuronal and glial development

Cited by 29 publications

References 109 publications

Controlled microfluidics to examine growth-factor induced migration of neural progenitors in the Drosophila visual system

Controlled microfluidics to examine growth-factor induced migration of neural progenitors in the Drosophila visual system

Circadian rhythms in the morphology of neurons in Drosophila

Loss of focal adhesions in glia disrupts both glial and photoreceptor axon migration in the Drosophila visual system

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