The facultative human oral pathogen Prevotella histicola in equine cheek tooth apical/ periapical infection: a case report

Abstract

Background Prevotella histicola is a facultative oral pathogen that under certain conditions causes pathologies such as caries and periodontitis in humans. Prevotella spp. also colonize the oral cavity of horses and can cause disease, but P. histicola has not yet been identified. Case presentation A 12-year-old Tinker mare was referred to the clinic for persistent, malodorous purulent nasal discharge and quidding. Conservative antibiotic (penicillin), antiphlogistic (meloxicam), and mucolytic (dembrexine-hydrochloride) treatment prior to referral was unsuccessful and symptoms worsened. Oral examination, radiography, sino-/ rhinoscopy, and standing computed tomography revealed severe apical/ periapical infection of the upper cheek tooth 209 with accompanying unilateral sinonasal inflammation and conchal necrosis. The tooth exhibited extensive subocclusal mesial infundibular cemental hypoplasia and caries, and an occlusal fissure fracture. After mechanical debridement and thermoplastic resin filling of the spacious subocclusal carious infundibular lesion, the tooth was extracted intraorally. The sinusitis and conchal necrosis were treated transendoscopically. Selective bacteriological swab cultures of affected tooth roots and subsequent matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry showed an infection with the obligate anaerobic, Gram-negative bacterium P. histicola. Surgical intervention and adapted antibiotic therapy led to normal healing without complications. Conclusions This study provides the first documented case of dental infection in a horse caused by P. histicola at once indicating necessity of more sufficient microbiological diagnostics and targeted antibiotic treatment in equine dental practice. This finding is also conducive to understand species-specific Prevotella diversity and cross-species distribution.

Salivary microbiome in chronic kidney disease: what is its connection to diabetes, hypertension, and immunity?

“…Prevotella spp., a proteolytic/amino acid–degrading bacteria, can break down proteins and peptides into amino acids and degrade them further via specific pathways to produce short-chain fatty acids [ 27 ], and its species are considered commensal microbes in the oral cavity [ 28 ]. However, several recent studies demonstrated that Prevotella is associated with diseases, such as periapical infection [ 29 ], gout [ 30 ], and multiple sclerosis [ 31 ]. Thus, although Prevotella declined in CKD patients which included those with and without hypertension, its role needs further investigation by salivary microbiome transplantation in CKD patients and animal models.…”

Isolation, identification, and significance of salivary Veillonella spp., Prevotella spp., and Prevotella salivae in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

“…The agar media utilized for this purpose comprised: 1) Veillonella agar base +/- vancomycin M416 (HiMedia Laboratories, GmbH, Einhausen, Germany), previously utilized for the selective isolation of Veillonella species ( Nakhaee et al., 2018 ; Stojanovski et al., 2021 ), 2) Blood Agar (Tryptic Soy Agar with sheep blood; Oxoid, Wesel, Germany), a nutrient rich, non-selective medium renowned for isolating and cultivating a wide range of both fastidious and non-fastidious microorganisms ( Potempa et al., 2009 ; Ono et al., 2022 ), 3) Brucella Agar (BD Biosciences, Heidelberg, Germany), employed for the isolation and cultivation of diverse fastidious and non-fastidious microorganisms including different oral bacterial species such as Prevotella spp. ( Jousimies-Somer, 1995 ; Tyrrell et al., 2003 ), 4) GC–Lect (BD Biosciences, Heidelberg, Germany), was previously designed for the isolation and cultivation of fastidious bacteria ( Gatti et al., 2010 ), 5) non-selective Schaedler agar (BD Biosciences, Heidelberg, Germany), used for the isolation and cultivation of anaerobic microorganisms including oral bacteria ( Ileri Keceli et al., 2015 ; Kau et al., 2021 ), and 6) Schaedler agar enriched with kanamycin/vancomycin (KV; BD Biosciences, Heidelberg, Germany) agar plates, intended for the isolation and cultivation of fastidious gram-negative anaerobic microorganisms such as Veillonella spp., Prevotella spp. and P. salivae ( Banche et al., 2007 ; Cieplik et al., 2020 ; Kau et al., 2021 ).…”

“…( Jousimies-Somer, 1995 ; Tyrrell et al., 2003 ), 4) GC–Lect (BD Biosciences, Heidelberg, Germany), was previously designed for the isolation and cultivation of fastidious bacteria ( Gatti et al., 2010 ), 5) non-selective Schaedler agar (BD Biosciences, Heidelberg, Germany), used for the isolation and cultivation of anaerobic microorganisms including oral bacteria ( Ileri Keceli et al., 2015 ; Kau et al., 2021 ), and 6) Schaedler agar enriched with kanamycin/vancomycin (KV; BD Biosciences, Heidelberg, Germany) agar plates, intended for the isolation and cultivation of fastidious gram-negative anaerobic microorganisms such as Veillonella spp., Prevotella spp. and P. salivae ( Banche et al., 2007 ; Cieplik et al., 2020 ; Kau et al., 2021 ). To achieve this objective, we employed sterile 10 μl inoculation loops to evenly distribute the samples, facilitating the growth of individual colonies.…”