The Feedback Loop Between Aboveground Herbivores and Soil Microbes via Deposition Processes

Ritzenthaler, Cari; Maloney, Caitlin E; Maran, Audrey M.; Moore, Eric A.; Winters, Amanda; Pelini, Shannon L.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-91614-9_9

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…Plant C allocation is also influenced by herbivore pressures, often resulting in higher belowground C investment (Wilson et al, 2018). This pulse of labile C could explain the observed changes in bacterial community composition and could lead to increases in long-term C storage in grasslands (Ritzenthaler et al, 2018). Herbivores are usually considered to be unimportant players in below-ground ecosystem C storage pathways.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…trampling of plants, breaking of soil surface; Hobbs, 2006; Wigley et al., 2020) while also directly influencing the decomposer subsystem through inputs of waste or carrion (Barton et al., 2019; Ritzenthaler et al., 2018). Additionally, herbivores can induce indirect effects on above‐ground and below‐ground ecosystems, via feeding effects on root exudates (Wardle & Bardgett, 2008) or changes in plant composition (Prather et al., 2018; Ritzenthaler et al., 2018). Most studies on herbivore‐mediated linkages have focused on a single herbivore (Bardgett & Wardle, 2003; Zhou et al., 2017), despite most ecosystems containing several herbivore species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They cause direct effects on the producer subsystem through feeding or mechanical disruption (i.e. trampling of plants, breaking of soil surface; Hobbs, 2006;Wigley et al, 2020) while also directly influencing the decomposer subsystem through inputs of waste or carrion (Barton et al, 2019;Ritzenthaler et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, herbivores can induce indirect effects on aboveground and below-ground ecosystems, via feeding effects on root exudates (Wardle & Bardgett, 2008) or changes in plant composition (Prather et al, 2018;Ritzenthaler et al, 2018). Most studies on herbivore-mediated linkages have focused on a single herbivore (Bardgett & Wardle, 2003;Zhou et al, 2017), despite most ecosystems containing several herbivore species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Functional and taxonomic diversity of grasshoppers differentially shape above‐ and below‐ground communities and their function

et al. 2020

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1. Herbivores are important drivers in both above-and below-ground ecosystems. Despite their importance, studies of herbivores often focus on the effects of individual species, potentially missing the effects of herbivore diversity. 2. Here we examine how orthopteran herbivore species and functional (i.e. diet) diversity interact with nutrient availability to shape above-and below-ground ecosystems. We stocked six species of grasshoppers (Orthoptera) with two different feeding modes (i.e. grass-only or grass-and forb-feeders) at varying taxonomic compositions (0, 1 or 6 species) in field enclosures and measured their effects on above-ground plant biomass, chemistry and richness, as well as below-ground microbial community composition and function. We treated half the cages with nitrogen fertilizer to examine how herbivore effects may be mitigated by soil nutrient availability. 3. Above-ground, we predicted that grasshoppers would decrease plant biomass and richness, and increase the %N of the plant community. We also predicted that high diversity cages would have the largest decreases in plant biomass and richness, but these effects would be offset by fertilizer additions. 4. Below-ground, we predicted that herbivore taxonomic composition and diet would differentially shift soil microbial community composition and function. We also predicted that fertilization would decrease the soil pH and increase nutrient availability creating an interaction with herbivores that leads to shifts belowground community composition. 5. We found that grasshoppers decreased plant biomass and richness, and this effect was not dependent on nutrient additions. Contrary to our predictions, we did not see the largest above-ground changes in high diversity cages. 6. Below-ground, herbivore diet and fertilization, but not their interaction, shifted bacterial communities. Grasshopper taxonomic composition did not influence bacterial communities. Grasshopper taxonomic composition and diet interacted

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Functional and taxonomic diversity of grasshoppers differentially shape above‐ and below‐ground communities and their function

et al. 2020

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“…We monitored grasshopper abundance until September of each year. Grasshopper carcasses can also fertilize an ecosystem and create artificial treatment effects (Hawlena et al, 2012;Ritzenthaler et al, 2018). We thus added grasshopper carcasses at the time of stocking to four of the eight biomass control mesocosms to make sure that any effect of immediate grasshopper mortality was small.…”

Section: Experimental Set-upmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weak interactions between strong interactors in an old‐field ecosystem: Control of nitrogen cycling by coupled herbivores and detritivores

Buchkowski

Schmitz

2021

Functional Ecology

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1. Interactions between herbivores and detritivores are common in greenhouse and laboratory experiments. Such interactions are thought to cause feedbacks in real ecosystems where the combined actions of these animals create either high or low nutrient cycling rates. There is limited evidence from factorial field experiments to support these expectations.2. We present the results of a 3-year experiment wherein we factorially manipulated grasshopper herbivores and earthworm detritivores in an old-field ecosystem and tested for significant interaction effects on plants, nitrogen mineralization and micro-organisms. Then, we used a dynamical system model built and parameterized for the study ecosystem to test the theoretical strength of these interactions.We predicted that grasshoppers and earthworms would have a positive interaction effect on plant growth and nitrogen cycling by driving plant community change.3. We found neither evidence for interaction effects on any of the variables we measured nor a consistent change in the composition of the plant community even though the individual effects of grasshoppers and earthworms were as expected. Our dynamical system model made the same prediction across a broad section of parameter space (e.g. feeding rates, death rates, etc) and after longer term simulations. 4. Our results suggest that interactions between herbivores and detritivores are only likely in situ when animals have exceptionally high individual effects on ecosystems and where the exogenous forces driving plant community change and soil biogeochemical fluxes are weak. K E Y W O R D Sabove-ground-below-ground interactions, brown food chain, earthworm, ecosystem model, grasshoppers, green food chain, nitrogen mineralization, old field

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Plant-Mediated Above- Belowground Interactions: A Phytobiome Story

Reverchon

Méndez-Bravo

2021

Plant-Animal Interactions

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The Feedback Loop Between Aboveground Herbivores and Soil Microbes via Deposition Processes

Cited by 5 publications

References 96 publications

Functional and taxonomic diversity of grasshoppers differentially shape above‐ and below‐ground communities and their function

Functional and taxonomic diversity of grasshoppers differentially shape above‐ and below‐ground communities and their function

Weak interactions between strong interactors in an old‐field ecosystem: Control of nitrogen cycling by coupled herbivores and detritivores

Plant-Mediated Above- Belowground Interactions: A Phytobiome Story

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