The Female Vaginal Microbiome in Health and Bacterial Vaginosis

Chen, Xiaodi; Lu, Yune; Chen, Tao; Li, Rongguo

doi:10.3389/fcimb.2021.631972

Cited by 215 publications

(168 citation statements)

References 200 publications

(237 reference statements)

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“…Another interesting finding in this study is the observation that the proportion of human DNA in a vaginal sample is negatively correlated to typical BV-associated bacteria, such as Gardnerella vaginalis and Prevotella spp and, conversely, positively correlated with the Lactobacillus content. This may be due to the shedding of clue cells (Amagshie et al 2017) with a high bacterium to human DNA ratio, and/or due to the thick, bacteria-dense biofilm formed on top of the epithelial surface by BV-associated bacteria [66]. This is relevant for future work using shotgun sequencing, since Lactobacillus spp.…”

Section: Vaginal Dysbiosismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Healthy Female Microbiome Across Body Sites: Effect of Hormonal Contraceptives and the Menstrual Cycle

Krog¹,

Hugerth

Fransson

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: There is increasing evidence that the vaginal microbiome influences women’s health. V agina l dysbiosis with a low abundance of L actobacillus h as been connected to gynaecological and obstetric complications. However, the interplay between the vaginal microbiome and the microbiome in other body sites is not yet described. In addition, fluctuating endogenous sex hormones may exert an effect on microbiome composition and are markedly changed by hormonal contraception . This study includes a cohort of 160 healthy young Caucasian women using three different contraceptive regimens: non-hormonal methods, combined oral contraceptive (COC) or levonorgestrel intra-uterine system (LNG-IUS ) . The oral, vaginal, rectal and faecal microbiome s are characterized by shot gun sequencing during each phase of the menstrual cycle (menses, follicular and luteal phases). Results: The use of COC and LNG-IUS do not affect the microbiome composition or diversity . However , an increased diversity in the vaginal microbiome is observed during menses , followed by a subsequent expansion of Lactobacillus during the follicular and luteal phase s which correlate s with measured serum oestradiol levels (r = 0.11, p<0.001) . During menses 89 women (58%) ha ve a dysbiotic vaginal microbiome with less than 60% Lactobacillus spp . This decline s to 49 (32%) in the follicular phase (p = 1.3E-5) and 44 (29%) in the luteal phase (p = 4.6E-7) . During menses, bacterial richness and diversity in saliva reach its lowest while no difference is observed in the faecal microbiome . T he microbiome in different body sites is on average more similar within the same individual than between individuals , despite phase or hormonal treatment . Only the vagina present s a clear cluster structure with dominance of either Lactobacillus crispatus , Lactobacillus iners , Gardnerella vaginalis or Prevotella spp. Conclusions: The use of COC or LNG-IUS is not associated with changes of the healthy female microbiome except for increased stability in the vagina in LNG-IUS users . Body site is the main driver of the microbiome, including a clear difference between faecal and rectal samples. The menstrual cycle is a confounding factor for microbiome composition in both saliva and the vagina and should be considered when analysing the microbiome in women of reproductive age.

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Section: Vaginal Dysbiosismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Healthy Female Microbiome Across Body Sites: Effect of Hormonal Contraceptives and the Menstrual Cycle

Krog¹,

Hugerth

Fransson

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…[ 15 ]. Vaginal microbiome composition indicates normal and various gynecological complications [ 16 , 17 ]. Clinical metagenomics have also been successfully applied for infectious disease diagnosis.…”

Section: Global Trends Of Metagenome Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiome Studies from Saudi Arabia over the Last 10 Years: Achievements, Gaps, and Future Directions

Alzahrani

2021

Microorganisms

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In the past ten years, microbiome studies have shown tremendous potentiality for implementation of understanding microbiome structures and functions of various biomes and application of this knowledge for human betterment. Saudi Arabia is full of geographical, ecological, ethnical, and industrial diversities and scientific capacities. Therefore, there is a great potential in Saudi Arabia to conduct and implement microbiome-based research and applications. However, there is no review available on where Saudi Arabia stands with respect to global microbiome research trends. This review highlights the metagenome-assisted microbiome research from Saudi Arabia compared to the global focuses on microbiome research. Further, it also highlights the gaps and areas that should be focused on by Saudi microbiome researchers and the possible initiatives to be taken by Saudi government and universities. This literature review shows that the global trends of microbiome research cover a broad spectrum of human and animal health conditions and diseases, environmental and antimicrobial resistance surveillance, surveillance of food and food processing, production of novel industrial enzymes and bioactive pharmaceutical products, and space applications. However, Saudi microbiome studies are mostly confined to very few aspects of health (human and animal) and environment/ecology in last ten years, without much application. Therefore, Saudi Arabia should focus more on applied microbiome research through government, academic, and industry initiatives and global cooperation to match the global trends.

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“…Various studies are being carried out in human gut microbiota to reveal its possible involvement in human health (Clarke et al 2014;Shen and Wong 2016). A specific type of novel microbial community is also observed in the mouth (Deo and Deshmukh 2019), in the vagina (Chen et al 2021), and on the skin (Byrd et al 2018). Moreover, dysbiosis may lead to a significant adverse effect on the overall health of any person due to variation in normal microflora (Rosen and Palm 2017) as shown in the graphical representation in Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial community in human gut: a therapeutic prospect and implication in health and diseases

Dwivedi

Powali

Rastogi

et al. 2021

Lett Appl Microbiol

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The interest in the working and functionality of the human gut microbiome has increased drastically over the years. Though the existence of gut microbes has long been speculated for long over the last few decades, a lot of research has sprung up in studying and understanding the role of gut microbes in the human digestive tract. The microbes present in the gut are highly instrumental in maintaining the metabolism in the body. Further research is going on in this field to understand how gut microbes can be employed as potential sources of novel therapeutics, moreover, probiotics have also elucidated Accepted ArticleThis article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved their significant place in this direction. As regards the clinical perspective, microbes can be engineered to afford defense mechanisms while interacting with foreign pathogenic bodies. More investigations in this field may assist us to evaluate and understand how these cells communicate with human cells and promote immune interactions. Here we elaborate on the possible implication of human gut microbiota into the immune system as well as explore the probiotics in the various human ailments. Comprehensive information on the human gut microbiome at the same platform may contribute affectively to our understanding of the human microbiome and possible mechanisms of associated human diseases.

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The Female Vaginal Microbiome in Health and Bacterial Vaginosis

Cited by 215 publications

References 200 publications

The Healthy Female Microbiome Across Body Sites: Effect of Hormonal Contraceptives and the Menstrual Cycle

The Healthy Female Microbiome Across Body Sites: Effect of Hormonal Contraceptives and the Menstrual Cycle

Microbiome Studies from Saudi Arabia over the Last 10 Years: Achievements, Gaps, and Future Directions

Microbial community in human gut: a therapeutic prospect and implication in health and diseases

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