The Fine Structure of Two Unusual Stalked Bacteria

Pate, Jack L.; Ordal, Erling J.

doi:10.1083/jcb.27.1.133

Cited by 60 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The swarmer cell has a polar flagellum, whereas the stalked cell has a polar stalk that is a cylindrical extension of the cell membrane and peptidoglycan layer (19,30,39,41). Stalk synthesis is initiated coincident with the initiation of DNA replication during the differentiation of the swarmer cell.…”

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Regulation of Stalk Elongation by Phosphate in Caulobacter crescentus

et al. 2000

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In Caulobacter crescentus, stalk biosynthesis is regulated by cell cycle cues and by extracellular phosphate concentration. Phosphate-starved cells undergo dramatic stalk elongation to produce stalks as much as 30 times as long as those of cells growing in phosphate-rich medium. To identify genes involved in the control of stalk elongation, transposon mutants were isolated that exhibited a long-stalk phenotype irrespective of extracellular phosphate concentration. The disrupted genes were identified as homologues of the high-affinity phosphate transport genes pstSCAB of Escherichia coli. In E. coli, pst mutants have a constitutively expressed phosphate (Pho) regulon. To determine if stalk elongation is regulated by the Pho regulon, the Caulobacter phoB gene that encodes the transcriptional activator of the Pho regulon was cloned and mutated. While phoB was not required for stalk synthesis or for the cell cycle timing of stalk synthesis initiation, it was required for stalk elongation in response to phosphate starvation. Both pstS and phoB mutants were deficient in phosphate transport. When a phoB mutant was grown with limiting phosphate concentrations, stalks only increased in length by an average of 1.4-fold compared to the average 9-fold increase in stalk length of wild-type cells grown in the same medium. Thus, the phenotypes of phoB and pst mutants were opposite. phoB mutants were unable to elongate stalks during phosphate starvation, whereas pst mutants made long stalks in both high-and low-phosphate media. Analysis of double pst phoB mutants indicated that the long-stalk phenotype of pst mutants was dependent on phoB. In addition, analysis of a pstS-lacZ transcriptional fusion showed that pstS transcription is dependent on phoB. These results suggest that the signal transduction pathway that stimulates stalk elongation in response to phosphate starvation is mediated by the Pst proteins and the response regulator PhoB.

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Regulation of Stalk Elongation by Phosphate in Caulobacter crescentus

et al. 2000

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“…Leifson (12) later detected a single flagellum at the pole of the motile cell by light microscopy of stained cells, and Houwink (9) provided electron micrographs of dividing cells, each with two distinctly different appendages, the stalk at one pole and the flagellum at the other; Houwink also detected the presence of bands in Caulobacter stalks. Bands are visible within ultrathin sections of both Caulobacter and Asticcacaulis stalks (15,17,23,25); they are structurally integrated into the concentric layers of membranes and peptidoglycan of the stalk and are disorganized by lysozyme. Isolated bands are seen as disks composed of concentric rings (5,10,27).…”

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“…(15,16) reported the isolation of an unusual kind of caulobacter which they called A. biprosthecum. Cell division is asymmetric, as in other caulobacters, producing a monoflagellate swarmer and a prosthecate sibling.…”

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Caulobacter and Asticcacaulis stalk bands as indicators of stalk age

Poindexter

Staley

1996

J Bacteriol

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The prosthecae (stalks) of dimorphic caulobacters of the genera Caulobacter and Asticcacaulis are distinguished among such appendages by the presence of disk-like components known as stalk bands. Whether bands are added to a cell's stalk(s) as a regular event coordinated with the cell's reproductive cycle has not been settled by previous studies. Analysis of the frequency of stalks with i, i ؉ 1, i ؉ 2, etc. bands among more than 7,000 stalks of Caulobacter crescentus revealed that in finite (batch) cultures (in which all offspring accumulate), the proportion of stalks with i ؉ 1 bands was regularly 50% of the proportion of stalks with i bands. This implied that the number of bands correlated with the number of reproductive cycles completed by a stalked cell. In chemostat-maintained perpetual cultures, the proportion was greater than 50% because stalked cells, with their shorter reproductive cycle times, contributed a larger proportion of offspring to the steady-state population than did their swarmer siblings. In Asticcacaulis biprosthecum cells, which bear twin prosthecae, the twins on a typical cell possessed the same number of bands. For both genera, stalk bands provide a unique morphological feature that could be employed in an assessment of age distribution and reproductive dynamics within natural populations of these caulobacters.Stalked bacteria that divide asymmetrically and produce one motile and one stalked cell at each reproductive event were first described by Henrici and Johnson (8) on the basis of observations of cells attached to glass slides that had been submerged in a freshwater lake. Leifson (12) later detected a single flagellum at the pole of the motile cell by light microscopy of stained cells, and Houwink (9) provided electron micrographs of dividing cells, each with two distinctly different appendages, the stalk at one pole and the flagellum at the other; Houwink also detected the presence of bands in Caulobacter stalks. Bands are visible within ultrathin sections of both Caulobacter and Asticcacaulis stalks (15,17,23,25); they are structurally integrated into the concentric layers of membranes and peptidoglycan of the stalk and are disorganized by lysozyme. Isolated bands are seen as disks composed of concentric rings (5,10,27). A similar disk of rings has been described by Coulton and Murray (1, 2) as the structure embedded in the outer membrane of Aquaspirillum cells through which the flagellum emerges from the cell surface.The initial stages of stalk development can be studied in synchronously developing swarmer populations, although synchrony deteriorates after the first generation (4, 6, 29, 33). On the basis of studies of developing swarmer populations and of stalked cells growing attached to a solid substrate through 19 generations, Staley and Jordan (32) proposed that the stalk bands were added at regular intervals during stalk outgrowth, with one band appearing during each reproductive cycle completed by the cell. The bands would then serve as indicators of cell age by reflect...

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“…Logo, o talo é uma extensão cilíndrica da superfície celular que é sintetizada num pólo específico da célula, que foi anteriormente ocupado pelo flagelo. Sua estrutura é composta de material citoplasmático com a ausência de DNA e ribossomos (Poindexter, 1964) e possue anéis densos ("crossbands") compostos em parte por peptideoglicanos arranjados em camadas concêntricas formando anéis contínuos espaçados a intervalos variavéis por toda a extensão do talo, proporcionando rigidez ao mesmo e permitindo que este se suporte na membrana (Pate & Ordal, 1965).…”

Section: Bacillus Subtilis Caulobacter Crescentus Oictyosteluim Disunclassified

Sequenciamneto e caracterização do gene alk B de Caulobacter crescentus

Colombi¹

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AGRADECIMENTOSAgradeço à Ora. Suely Lopes Gomes, pela orientação e apoio recebido durante o período em que estive em seu laboratório.Ao Dr. José da Costa Maia (in memorian), à Ora. Aline Maria da Silva, ao Df. Antonio Gildo Bianchi, à Ora. Ohara Augusto, à Ora. Mari Annelin, à Ora. Virginia Berlanga, ao Df. Rogério Meneghini e ao Df. Fernando Reinach pelo empréstimos de materiais, agentes, enzimas de restrição e aparelhos essenciais para a realização deste trabalho.Ao Dr. Francisco Gorgonio da Nóbrega, por ter-nos cedido gentilmente os agentes alquilantes usados em vários experimentos deste trabalho.Ao pessoal técnico, Alexandre, Marli e José Lino, pela amizade e auxílio técnico eficiente.Aos amigos, Adriana, Aguinaldo, Ana Claúdia, Bilu, Catarina, Cátia, Cláudia, Cintia, Denis, Fabíola, Flávio, Gláucia, Julio, Kumiê, Lucia, Lucy, Márcia, Margareth, Mara, tvlariazinha (Leo), Marcela, Marilis, Patricia, Pio, Regina, Rosane, Rosângela, Samara, Zé, entre outros, pelas conversas, brincadeiras, por compartilharmos as alegrias e decepções e pelos momentos maravilhosos que passamos juntos no Instituto e nos bares da vida.Ao meu querido "guru", Marcelo Avedissian, por ter-me auxiliado em várias dúvidas, experimentos e discussões, mas princilpalrnente por ser o grande amigo que é, apesar de palmeirense.Ao Paulo Eduardo Martins Ribolla, pelo carinho, amizade, paciência, conforto nos momentos dificeis e por ter me proporcionado tantos momentos inesquecíveis.À minha família, Julio, Izabel, Mônica, Eduardo, Fernando, Mareio, Luiz Felipe e Guilhenne, que apesar de pouco entenderem meu trabalho, sempre me apoiaram, incentivaram e princilpalmente respeitaram minha profissão.Ao CNPq e FAPESP pelo auxílio fmanceiro.

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The Fine Structure of Two Unusual Stalked Bacteria

Cited by 60 publications

References 19 publications

Regulation of Stalk Elongation by Phosphate in Caulobacter crescentus

Regulation of Stalk Elongation by Phosphate in Caulobacter crescentus

Caulobacter and Asticcacaulis stalk bands as indicators of stalk age

Sequenciamneto e caracterização do gene alk B de Caulobacter crescentus

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