The First Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Lachninae Species and Comparative Genomics Provide New Insights into the Evolution of Gene Rearrangement and the Repeat Region

Abstract

Complete mitochondrial genomes are valuable resources for different research fields such as genomics, molecular evolution and phylogenetics. The subfamily Lachninae represents one of the most ancient evolutionary lineages of aphids. To date, however, no complete Lachninae mitogenome is available in public databases. Here we report the Stomaphis sinisalicis mitogenome, representing the first complete mitogenome of Lachninae. The S. sinisalicis mitogenome is consist of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two rRNA genes (rRNAs), 22 tRNA genes (tRNAs), a control region and a large tandem repeat region. Strikingly, the mitogenome exhibits a novel, highly rearranged gene order between trnE and nad1 compared with that of other aphids. The presence of repeat region in the basal Lachninae may further indicate it is probably an ancestral feature of aphid mitogenomes. Collectively, this study provides new insights on mitogenome evolution and valuable data for future comparative studies across different insect lineages.

Characterization of the First Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Cyphonocerinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) with Implications for Phylogeny and Evolution of Fireflies

“…Seven gene overlaps are present in C. sanguineus klapperichi mitogenome ( Supplementary Table S5 ), ranging from 1 to 4 bp, with the longest overlap (4 bp) occurring between atp6 and atp8 , and also nad4 and nad4l , respectively. The overlap between atp6 and atp8 is also found in mitogenomes of other arthropods [ 66 , 67 , 68 ]. Moreover, there are 13 intergenic spacer regions between genes ( Supplementary Table S5 ), of which the total length is 211 bp, with the longest intergenic spacer (72 bp) exists between trnC and trnW .…”

“…For fireflies’ mitogenomes, the sizes of the control region vary greatly among different species, whereas the PCGs, tRNAs, and rRNAs show little variation in length ( Figure 2 A, Supplementary Table S7 ). This suggests that the mitogenome size of different fireflies is largely determined by the size of control regions, like other insects [ 68 ].…”

Mitochondrial Genomes from Two Specialized Subfamilies of Reduviidae (Insecta: Hemiptera) Reveal Novel Gene Rearrangements of True Bugs

“…Within hemipteran mitogenomes, gene rearrangements are mainly found in Sternorrhyncha (Aleyrodidae [11], Aphididae [12], Coccoidea [13]), Auchenorrhyncha (Delphacidae [14]), and Heteroptera (Enicocephalidae [15], Reduviidae [16][17][18], Pachynomidae [19], Aradidae [20], Pyrrhocoroidea [21]). Among which, Heteroptera (especially Reduviidae) display diverse rearrangement types including gene translocation, gene duplication, and gene loss.…”

The complete mitochondrial genome of Tuberolachnus salignus (Gmelin, 1790) (Hemiptera: Aphididae: Lachninae)

“…To date, in Lachninae, only one complete mitochondrial genome of Stomaphis sinisalicis has been reported (Zhang et al. 2021 ). Here, we sequenced the complete mitochondrial genome of T. salignus on Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform.…”