The first detection of a novel OsHV-1 microvariant in San Diego, California, USA

Burge, Colleen A.; Friedman, Carolyn S.; Kachmar, Mariah L.; Humphrey, Karen; Moore, James D.; Elston, Robert

doi:10.1016/j.jip.2021.107636

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Similar variants are known as OsHV-1 microvariants or µVars. These microvariant induced mortality events have occurred in parts of Europe (Martenot et al 2011(Martenot et al , 2012Roque et al 2012;Dundon et al 2011;Gittenberger et al 2016;Batista et al 2015;Mortensen et al 2016), New Zealand (Bingham et al 2013;Keeling et al 2014), Australia (Jenkins et al 2013;de Kantzow et al 2017), Asia (Renault et al 2012;Shimahara et al 2012;Bai et al 2015), and more recently San Diego, CA (Burge et al 2021)(Figure 1). Colleen Burge.…”

Section: What Is the Ostreid Herpesvirus-1?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Susceptibility of shellfish aquaculture species in the Chesapeake Bay and Maryland coastal bays to ostreid herpesvirus 1 microvariants

Kachmar,

Reece,

Agnew

et al. 2024

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1) and its microvariants (µVars) cause economically devastating mass mortalities of oysters and pose a threat to the shellfish aquaculture industry globally. OsHV-1 outbreaks can cause up to 100% mortality in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. However, OsHV-1 and its variants have a broad host range and can infect at least 7 bivalve species, including bay scallops Argopecten irradians and eastern oysters C. virginica. Determining the susceptibility of economically and ecologically important bivalve species to OsHV-1 is critical for improving biosecurity and disease management to protect the aquaculture industry. Surveys of eastern oysters were conducted in June to August 2021 in the Maryland portion of the Chesapeake Bay to determine the prevalence and viral load of OsHV-1 at 5 aquaculture farms. Using quantitative PCR, OsHV-1 was not detected at any sites. Experiments examined the susceptibility of single stocks of eastern oysters and hard clams Mercenaria mercenaria to the virus and their ability to horizontally transmit it using OsHV-1 µVar SD (San Diego, California) and OsHV-1 µVar FRA (Marennes-Olreon, France). Results showed that OsHV-1 µVars did not cause mortality or symptomatic infection in the single stocks of eastern oysters and hard clams used in these experiments using natural infection pathways. However, the eastern oyster stock, when injected with OsHV-1, did transmit the virus to naïve Pacific oysters. Further experimentation using additional stocks and lines and establishment of surveillance programs along the east and Gulf coasts of the USA are necessary to prepare for the potential spread and impact of OsHV-1 related disease.

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Section: What Is the Ostreid Herpesvirus-1?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…San Deigo µVar (SD) (Burge et al 2021). Viral homogenates from the French µVar were previously created as described in Burge et al 2020; cryopreserved stocks were held at the UA APL at -80ºC following methods of Kirkland et al (2015).…”

Section: Oshv-1 Inoculummentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility of shellfish aquaculture species in the Chesapeake Bay and Maryland coastal bays to ostreid herpesvirus 1 microvariants

Kachmar,

Reece,

Agnew

et al. 2024

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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“…Ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1) is a viral pathogen that causes disease and mortality in Pacific oysters ( Crassostrea gigas ) [ 1 ]. Since 2008, the emergence of virulent variants of OsHV-1 in Australia [ 2 ], France [ 3 ], New Zealand [ 4 ], and the United States [ 5 ] have led to the development of strategies to mitigate the negative economic effects from massive mortalities on oyster growers. One strategy that has been uniformly adopted by farmers in these countries is the use of oysters that are tolerant to OsHV-1 [ 6 – 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-wide allele frequency studies in Pacific oyster families identify candidate genes for tolerance to ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1)

Divilov,

Merz,

Schoolfield

et al. 2023

BMC Genomics

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Background Host genetics influences the development of infectious diseases in many agricultural animal species. Identifying genes associated with disease development has the potential to make selective breeding for disease tolerance more likely to succeed through the selection of different genes in diverse signaling pathways. In this study, four families of Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) were identified to be segregating for a quantitative trait locus (QTL) on chromosome 8. This QTL was previously found to be associated with basal antiviral gene expression and survival to ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1) mortality events in Tomales Bay, California. Individuals from these four families were phenotyped and genotyped in an attempt to find candidate genes associated with the QTL on chromosome 8. Results Genome-wide allele frequencies of oysters from each family prior to being planting in Tomales Bay were compared with the allele frequencies of oysters from respective families that survived an OsHV-1 mortality event. Six significant unique QTL were identified in two families in these genome-wide allele frequency studies, all of which were located on chromosome 8. Three QTL were assigned to candidate genes (ABCA1, PIK3R1, and WBP2) that have been previously associated with antiviral innate immunity in vertebrates. Conclusion The identification of vertebrate antiviral innate immunity genes as candidate genes involved in molluscan antiviral innate immunity reinforces the similarities between the innate immune systems of these two groups. Causal variant identification in these candidate genes will enable future functional studies of these genes in an effort to better understand their antiviral modes of action.

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“…The first major outbreak was recorded in France during the summer of 2008 ( 7 ). The same year, OsHV-1 μVar was detected along the European coastline from southern Norway to Portugal ( 3 , 8 ), and closely related variants were subsequently detected during massive mortality events in Australia ( 9 ), New Zealand ( 10 ), Korea ( 11 ), and more recently, California ( 12 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Dynamic of POMS Infection and the Role of Microbiota Composition in the Survival of Pacific Oysters, Crassostrea gigas

et al. 2022

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The first detection of a novel OsHV-1 microvariant in San Diego, California, USA

Cited by 16 publications

References 63 publications

Susceptibility of shellfish aquaculture species in the Chesapeake Bay and Maryland coastal bays to ostreid herpesvirus 1 microvariants

Susceptibility of shellfish aquaculture species in the Chesapeake Bay and Maryland coastal bays to ostreid herpesvirus 1 microvariants

Genome-wide allele frequency studies in Pacific oyster families identify candidate genes for tolerance to ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1)

Understanding the Dynamic of POMS Infection and the Role of Microbiota Composition in the Survival of Pacific Oysters, Crassostrea gigas

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