The first known case of vaccine‐induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia in Australia

Hocking, Jennifer Jane; Chunilal, Sanjeev; Chen, Vivien; Brighton, Tim; Nguyen, James; Tan, Jocelyn; Ting, Stephen B.; Tran, Huyen

doi:10.5694/mja2.51135

Cited by 23 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…VITT manifests most often with unusual thromboses, but sometimes also with usual thromboses, like deep vein thrombosis of legs or pulmonary embolism (PE). Thrombotic manifestations of VITT were reported in various sites, such as cerebral, abdominal, i.e., splenic, renal, and hepatic veins (6)(7)(8)14). Cerebral venous thrombosis is probably the most common site of thrombosis and occurs in 38-80% of reported cases (9).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, there are reports on thrombotic complications after vaccination against this infection, especially following the administration of adenovirusbased vaccines. Since March 2021, several cases of uncommon vaccine-related thrombotic events associated with thrombocytopenia have been reported, in particular after the ChAdOx1 nCov-19 vaccine administration (5)(6)(7)(8). These complications have been termed vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT), vaccine-induced prothrombotic immune thrombocytopenia (VIPIT), or vaccine associated thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VATT) (9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This severe condition is characterized by unusual location of thrombosis, mostly in cerebral veins, however other sites of thrombosis or pulmonary embolism have been published. The mortality rate of VITT is high, reaching up to 25% (7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Case Report: A Case of COVID Vaccine-Induced Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia Manifested as Pulmonary Embolism and Hemorrhagia. A First Reported Case From Slovakia

et al. 2022

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COVID-19 vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) is a rare complication of adenoviral vector (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) vaccine administration. It is presented as thrombocytopenia and thrombotic manifestations in various sites, especially in cerebral veins. Pulmonary emboli have been reported rarely. We present a case of a young male patient who developed severe thrombocytopenia and pulmonary embolism 12 days after the first dose of the vaccine. Severe thrombocytopenia, skin hematomas, and segmental pulmonary emboli were detected. Anti-platelet factor 4 (aPF-4) antibody was highly positive supporting the diagnosis of VITT. Prompt treatment with fondaparinux, intravenous immunoglobulin, and prednisone led to a marked improvement of clinical condition and thrombocytes count. We report the first known case of VITT in Slovakia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Case Report: A Case of COVID Vaccine-Induced Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia Manifested as Pulmonary Embolism and Hemorrhagia. A First Reported Case From Slovakia

et al. 2022

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“…While the two terms (TTS and VITT) are used interchangeably, we favour VITT as there are other syndromes characterised by thrombosis and thrombocytopenia with alternative aetiologies in which different treatment strategies are required. VITT was first reported by European investigators in March and April 2021, 4,5 with the first Australian case reported soon after 6 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…VITT was first reported by European investigators in March and April 2021, 4 , 5 with the first Australian case reported soon after. 6 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding vaccine‐induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT)

Dix

McFadyen

Huang

et al. 2022

Internal Medicine Journal

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Vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) is a rare, but serious, syndrome characterised by thrombocytopenia, thrombosis, a markedly raised D-dimer and the presence of anti-platelet factor-4 (PF4) antibodies following COVID-19 adenovirus vector vaccination. VITT occurs at a rate of approximately 2 per 100 000 first-dose vaccinations and appears exceedingly rare following second doses. Our current understanding of VITT pathogenesis is based on the observations that patients with VITT have antibodies that bind to PF4 and have the ability to form immune complexes that induce potent platelet activation. However, the precise mechanisms that lead to pathogenic VITT antibody development remain a source of active investigation. Thrombosis in VITT can manifest in any vascular bed and affect multiple sites simultaneously. While there is a predilection for splanchnic and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, VITT also commonly presents with deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Pillars of management include anticoagulation with a non-heparin anticoagulant, intravenous immunoglobulin and 'rescue' therapies, such as plasma exchange for severe cases. VITT can be associated with a high mortality rate and significant morbidity, but awareness and optimal therapy have significantly improved outcomes in Australia. A number of questions remain unanswered, including why VITT is so rare, reasons for the predilection for thrombosis in unusual sites, how long pathological antibodies persist, and the optimal duration of anticoagulation. This review will provide an overview of the presentation, diagnostic workup and management strategies for patients with VITT.

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Heparin-Induced Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia (HITT) and Vaccine-Induced Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia (VITT): Similar but Different

Favaloro

Pasalic

2023

Methods in Molecular Biology

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The first known case of vaccine‐induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia in Australia

Cited by 23 publications

References 4 publications

Case Report: A Case of COVID Vaccine-Induced Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia Manifested as Pulmonary Embolism and Hemorrhagia. A First Reported Case From Slovakia

Case Report: A Case of COVID Vaccine-Induced Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia Manifested as Pulmonary Embolism and Hemorrhagia. A First Reported Case From Slovakia

Understanding vaccine‐induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT)

Heparin-Induced Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia (HITT) and Vaccine-Induced Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia (VITT): Similar but Different

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