The first power generation test of hot dry rock resources exploration and production demonstration project in the Gonghe Basin, Qinghai Province, China

Zhang, Eryong; Wen, Dong-guang; Wang, Guiling; Yan, Wei-de; Wang, Wenshi; Ye, Chengming; Li, Xufeng; Wang, Huang; Tang, Xianfeng; Weng, Wei; Li, Kuan; Zhang, Chong-yuan; Liang, Mingxing; Luo, Hong-bao; Hu, Han-yue; Zhang, Wei; Zhang, Sen-qi; Jin, Xian-peng; H, Wu; Zhang, Lin-you; Feng, Qingda; Xie, Jing-yu; Wang, Dan; He, Yun-chao; Wang, Yuewei; Chen, Zu-bin; Cheng, Zheng-pu; Luo, Wenhua; Yang, Yi; Zhang, Hao; Zha, En-lai; Gong, Yun; Zheng, Yu; Jiang, Changsheng; Zhang, Shengsheng; Niu, Xue; Zhang, Hui; Hu, Lisha; Zhu, Guilin; Xu, Wenhao; Niu, Zhaoxuan; Yang, Li

doi:10.31035/cg2022038

Cited by 20 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…Generally, the reservoir permeability around the wellbore was greatly larger than that in the far well area [44,45]. This phenomenon has also been observed during hydraulic fracturing in the Gonghe Basin EGS site [46], as The diameter of the wellbore is 200 mm, and the length of perforation interval is 50 m both for the production well and injection well. The horizontal distance between two vertical wells (e.g., injection well and production well) is 400 m. To improve the heat production performance using CO 2 as working fluids, a novel two-well pattern was designed for the fractured geothermal reservoir.…”

Section: Model Geometry and Numerical Discretizationmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…Generally, the reservoir permeability around the wellbore was greatly larger than that in the far well area [44,45]. This phenomenon has also Energies 2023, 16, 7202 6 of 16 been observed during hydraulic fracturing in the Gonghe Basin EGS site [46], as shown in Figure 3. Therefore, heterogeneous permeability distribution for the artificial geothermal reservoir should be considered.…”

Section: Model Geometry and Numerical Discretizationmentioning

confidence: 61%

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Heat Production Performance from an Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS) Using CO2 as the Working Fluid

Zhao,

Yuan,

Jing

et al. 2023

Energies

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CO2-based enhanced geothermal systems (CO2-EGS) are greatly attractive in geothermal energy production due to their high flow rates and the additional benefit of CO2 geological storage. In this work, a CO2-EGS model is built based on the available geological data in the Gonghe Basin, Northwest China. In our model, the wellbore flow is considered and coupled with a geothermal reservoir to better simulate the complex CO2 flow and heat production behavior. Based on the fractured geothermal reservoir at depths between 2900 m and 3300 m, the long-term (30-year) heat production performance is predicted using CO2 as the working fluid with fixed wellhead pressure. The results indicate that the proposed CO2-EGS will obtain an ascending heat extraction rate in the first 9 years, followed by a slight decrease in the following 21 years. Due to the significant natural convection of CO2 (e.g., low viscosity and density) in the geothermal reservoir, the mass production rate of the CO2-EGS will reach 150 kg/s. The heat extraction rates will be greater than 32 MW throughout the 30-year production period, showing a significant production performance. However, the Joule–Thomson effect in the wellbore will result in a drastic decrease in production temperature (e.g., a 62.6 °C decrease in the production well). This means that the pre-optimization analyses and physical material treatments are required during geothermal production using CO2 as the working fluid.

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Section: Model Geometry and Numerical Discretizationmentioning

confidence: 60%

Section: Model Geometry and Numerical Discretizationmentioning

confidence: 61%

Heat Production Performance from an Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS) Using CO2 as the Working Fluid

Zhao,

Yuan,

Jing

et al. 2023

Energies

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“…The Gonghe Basin, located on the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau in China, possesses abundant and high‐quality geothermal resources (E. Zhang et al., 2022). Like most granite geothermal reservoirs, abundant altered minerals were inspected in the fractured cores retrieved from the Gonghe reservoir—laumontite exists as a very‐low‐grade mineral phase in this granitic hydrothermal system (Figure 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frictional Stability of Laumontite Under Hydrothermal Conditions and Implications for Injection‐Induced Seismicity in the Gonghe Geothermal Reservoir, Northwest China

Zhang,

Hu,

Elsworth

et al. 2024

Geophysical Research Letters

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Laumontite is a common and potentially frictionally unstable hydrothermal alteration product present in deep faults of the Gonghe EGS reservoir. We characterize the friction‐stability characteristics of synthetic laumontite gouge under in situ reservoir conditions. The pure laumontite gouge is frictionally strong (μ = 0.73–0.98) and the quartz/laumontite mixture (1:1) is generally less strong (μ = 0.73–0.78) under experimental conditions (Pc = 95 MPa, T = 90–250°C, Pf = 0–90 MPa). The shear velocity was stepped between 6.1, 0.61, then 0.061 μm/s for our experiments. For both gouges, the friction coefficient is independent of temperature and increases with elevated pore pressures. The pure gouge and mixture are strongly velocity‐weakening over a broad range in temperatures (∼90–220°C) and excess pore pressures (0–90 MPa) relevant to the Gonghe stimulation. Microearthquakes (MEQs) observed during stimulation are confined to within the broad depth range of inferred frictional instability—although fluid overpressures are also limited to this region. The observation that laumontite mixtures are frictionally unstable over a broad range of pressures and especially temperatures representative of EGS reservoirs and insensitive to the presence of the coexisting mineral phase (quartz) suggests its presence is a strong indicator of potential seismic hazard.

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“…Relevant studies have also focused on the north-south Himalayan rift zone [3][4][5], the Yunnan-Tibet geothermal zone [6,7], and several fault zones where hot springs in western Sichuan are relatively concentrated [8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Only with the exploration of high-temperature hot dry rock resources Energies 2024, 17, 2715 2 of 17 in the Gonghe Basin on the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau in recent years [15] has the region gained widespread attention, and a large number of studies have been carried out to address the mechanism of the heat source and the potential for development [16][17][18][19][20][21][22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluid Chemical and Isotopic Signatures Insighting the Hydrothermal Control of the Wahongshan-Wenquan Fracture Zone (WWFZ), NE Tibetan Plateau

Li,

Lu,

Xie

et al. 2024

Energies

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Compared to the southern Tibetan Plateau, the northern part has been regarded as relatively lacking geothermal resources. However, there is no lack of natural hot springs exposed in beads along large-scale fracture systems, and research on them is currently limited to individual hot springs or geothermal systems. This paper focuses on the Wahongshan-Wenquan Fracture Zone (WWFZ), analyzes the formation of five hydrothermal activity zones along the fracture zone in terms of differences in hot water hydrochemical and isotopic composition, and then explores the hot springs’ hydrothermal control in the fracture zone. The results show that the main fractures of the WWFZ are the regional heat control structures, and its near-north–south- and near-east–west-oriented fractures form a fracture system that provides favorable channels for deep hydrothermal convection. Ice and snow meltwater from the Elashan Mountains, with an average elevation of more than 4,500 m above sea level, infiltrates along the fractures, and is heated by deep circulation to form deep geothermal reservoirs. There is no detectable mantle contribution source heat to the hot spring gases, and the heat source is mainly natural heat conduction warming, but the “low-velocity body (LVB)” in the middle and lower crust may be the primary heat source of the high geothermal background in the area. The hot springs’ hydrochemical components show a certain regularity, and the main ionic components, TDS, and water temperature tend to increase away from the main rupture, reflecting the WWFZ controlling effect on hydrothermal transport. In the future, the geothermal research in this area should focus on the hydrothermal control properties of different levels, the nature of fractures, and the thermal contribution of the LVB in the middle and lower crust.

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The first power generation test of hot dry rock resources exploration and production demonstration project in the Gonghe Basin, Qinghai Province, China

Cited by 20 publications

References 0 publications

Heat Production Performance from an Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS) Using CO2 as the Working Fluid

Heat Production Performance from an Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS) Using CO2 as the Working Fluid

Frictional Stability of Laumontite Under Hydrothermal Conditions and Implications for Injection‐Induced Seismicity in the Gonghe Geothermal Reservoir, Northwest China

Fluid Chemical and Isotopic Signatures Insighting the Hydrothermal Control of the Wahongshan-Wenquan Fracture Zone (WWFZ), NE Tibetan Plateau

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