The flower fly genus Citrogramma Vockeroth (Diptera: Syrphidae): illustrated revision with descriptions of new species

Abstract

The flower fly genus Citrogramma is revised here. Seventeen new species are described; four lectotypes and one neotype are designated; two species are transferred from Xanthogramma to Citrogramma; and another Xanthogramma species, Xanthogramma fasciatum, is synonymized under Citrogramma clarum. Xanthogramma indica and Xanthogramma pruthii are considered junior synonyms of Scaeva latimaculata. Redescriptions, illustrations, synonymies, diagnoses, and distributional data are given for all species of Citrogramma recognized here, and an identification key is also provided. New specimens and species from New Caledonia, Taiwan, Nepal, and China expand the geographical range of the genus. The large number of new species proposed in this paper highlights the prevailing incomplete knowledge of this genus. New Guinea has the highest diversity of known Citrogramma species.

Molecular phylogenetics of the predatory lineage of flower fliesEupeodes-Scaeva(Diptera: Syrphidae), with the description of the Neotropical genusAustroscaevagen. nov.

“…Males of Scaeva penai and Scaeva patagoniensis are described in full, with terminology following Thompson (1999) and Mengual (2012).…”

Life on an island: the phylogenetic placement ofLoveridgeanaand AfrotropicalSphaerophoria(Diptera: Syrphidae) inferred from molecular characters

“…Results from Mengual (2015) resolved Citrogramma, a genus found in the Palaearctic, Indomalayan and Australasian biotic regions (see Mengual, 2012), as the sister group of a New World lineage. This American evolutionary lineage, the Ocyptamus lineage, comprises the genera Eosalpingogaster Hull, 1949, Hermesomyia Vockeroth, 1969, Ocyptamus Macquart, 1834, Orphnabaccha Hull, 1949, and Toxomerus Macquart, 1855 in our study, but also other taxa not included in the present analysis (see Mengual et al, 2012Mengual et al, , 2018Miranda, Marshall, & Skevington, 2014;Miranda, Skevington, Marshall, & Kelso, 2016;Miranda, 2017).…”

The genusXanthogrammaSchiner, 1861 (Diptera: Syrphidae) in southeastern Europe, with descriptions of two new species

“…Morphologically, the most similar genus to Xanthogramma is Citrogramma Vockeroth, 1969, but in Xanthogramma the subscutellar fringe is absent, the metasternum is bare, the antennal base is more promanent than the oral apex and the lateral yellow vitta of the scutum does not reach the scutellum (Mengual 2012 Diagnosis. Length = 12.2-12.3 mm; eyes with very short, sparse, yellow pile; frontal triangle with black pile; scutellum with long, yellow pile; notopleuron yellow, at most narrowly black near the anterior anepistenum; posterior anepisternum with a yellow macula in the posterior part; katepisternum, katatergum, proepimeron with a small, yellow macula each; posterior anepisternum with yellow macula in the posterior part; scutellum yellow, only black at the posterior corners and transparent yellow at the anterior part, mainly with long, black pile anteriorly and yellow pile posteriorly; wing cell R 1 brown pigmented; terga 2-4 each with a pair of yellow fasciae reaching the lateral margins; tergum 2 fasciae triangular with a low rounded median projection.…”

“…spawned with the aid of Winclada ASADO (Nixon Morphologically, the most similar genus to 290 Xanthogramma is Citrogramma Vockeroth, 291 1969, but in Xanthogramma the subscutellar 292 fringe is absent, the metasternum is bare, the 293 antennal base is more promanent than the oral 294 apex and the lateral yellow vitta of the scutum 295 does not reach the scutellum(Mengual 2012). Chios, 301 Palios Katarraktis, 8-10.iv.2012, leg.…”