The Functional Response of Toxorhynchites Rutilus Rutilus (Diptera: Culicidae), a Predator on Container-Breeding Mosquitoes1

Russo, Raymond J.

doi:10.1093/jmedent/20.6.585

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…This could explain the differences in our results since Tx. rutilus is a Type II functional predator and changes its foraging strategies based on the proportion of available prey (Russo 1983). Our results indicate it is still unclear whether Ae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

The final countdown: presence of an invasive mosquito extends time to predation for a native mosquito

et al. 2023

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Larvae of the predatory mosquito Toxorhynchites rutilus consume arthropods within container habitats, including native Aedes triseriatus and invasive Aedes japonicus mosquitoes. Previous studies, which did not account for common habitat attributes such as habitat structure and predation cues, con ict on whether Ae. triseriatus and Ae. japonicus differ in their vulnerability to predation. We conducted two laboratory experiments to assess how habitat attributes modulate Tx. rutilus predation on Ae. triseriatus and Ae. japonicus. In experiment 1, we added ne particulate organic matter (FPOM) and assessed vulnerability for each species separately. Experiment 2 contained the following treatments: presence/absence of predation cues, presence/absence of habitat structure (FPOM and leaves) and three species combinations: Ae. triseriatus or Ae. japonicus alone, and both species together. We added one Tx. rutilus to feed in each microcosm for 24h (experiment 1 and 2) and until all prey were consumed (experiment 2 only). When reared alone, Ae. triseriatus had higher survival compared to Ae. japonicus in experiment 1 (71% vs. 52%) but there were no signi cant differences at 24 hours in experiment 2. When we followed the cohort to total predation, Ae. triseriatus had a lower daily survival rate compared to Ae. japonicus (hazard ratio 1.165) when the species were kept separately. When the species were mixed, however, Ae. japonicus was more vulnerable than Ae. triseriatus (hazard ratio 1.763), prolonging Ae. triseriatus time to total cohort predation. Both species were less likely to be consumed in the presence of predation cues. We detected no effect of habitat structure. These results demonstrate vulnerability is context dependent and the presence of an invasive congener can relax predation pressure on a native prey species when they co-occur in the same habitat.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

The final countdown: presence of an invasive mosquito extends time to predation for a native mosquito

et al. 2023

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“…Direct and indirect effects of predators can influence behavior and demography of prey. Many studies have examined single predator, single prey systems (e.g., Focks et al 1980, Morin 1983, Russo 1983, but relatively few have considered interactions among multiple predators and multiple prey Krupa 1996, Nystrom et al 2001). Many studies have examined single predator, single prey systems (e.g., Focks et al 1980, Morin 1983, Russo 1983, but relatively few have considered interactions among multiple predators and multiple prey Krupa 1996, Nystrom et al 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Predators can exhibit traitmediated indirect effects (Werner 1992) that influence both prey habitat use (Diehl and Eklov 1995) and activity levels (Juliano and Reminger 1992), and in turn may change length of larval period and size at emergence to adulthood for animals with complex life cycles (Wilbur 1987). Many studies have examined single predator, single prey systems (e.g., Focks et al 1980, Morin 1983, Russo 1983, but relatively few have considered interactions among multiple predators and multiple prey Krupa 1996, Nystrom et al 2001). Although analyses of the effects of a single predator are informative, they may not accurately predict community structure when more than one predator species is present.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predator Identity and Additive Effects in a Treehole Community

Griswold

Lounibos

2006

Ecology

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Multiple predator species can interact as well as strongly affect lower trophic levels, resulting in complex, nonadditive effects on prey populations and community structure. Studies of aquatic systems have shown that interactive effects of predators on prey are not necessarily predictable from the direct effects of each species alone. To test for complex interactions, the individual and combined effects of a top and intermediate predator on larvae of native and invasive mosquito prey were examined in artificial analogues of water-filled treeholes. The combined effects of the two predators were accurately predicted from single predator treatments by a multiplicative risk model, indicating additivity. Overall survivorship of both prey species decreased greatly in the presence of the top predator Toxorhynchites rutilus. By itself, the intermediate predator Corethrella appendiculata increased survivorship of the native prey species Ochlerotatus triseriatus and decreased survivorship of the invasive prey species Aedes albopictus relative to treatments without predators. Intraguild predation did not occur until alternative prey numbers had been reduced by approximately one-half. Owing to changes in size structure accompanying its growth, T. rutilus consumed more prey as time progressed, whereas C. appendiculata consumed less. The intermediate predator, C. appendiculata, changed species composition by preferentially consuming A. albopictus, while the top predator, T. rutilus, reduced prey density, regardless of species. Although species interactions were in most cases predicted from pairwise interactions, risk reduction from predator interference occurred when C. appendiculata densities were increased and when the predators were similarly sized.

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“…Becabse of this, and because another linearization by Holling (1959) has been commonly used or recommended (e.g. Matsumoto and Huffaker 1973;Southwood 1978;Dowel1 1979;Russo 1983), it seems important to examine the performance of different methods of parameter estimation for the disc equation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Further Difficulties in the Analysis of Functional-Response Experiments and a Resolution

Williams

Juliano

1985

Can Entomol

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The Holling disc equation (Type-II functional response) for predation, which is mathematically equivalent to the Michaelis–Menten enzyme-kinetics and to the Monod microbial-growth equations, has been used in several linear transformations for parameter estimation. The most commonly used is the Lineweaver–Burk double reciprocal. We compare 4 linearizations of the disc equation and a direct nonlinear fit to stimulated predation data. We conclude that (1) the best parameter estimates are obtained by the direct nonlinear method and (2) the Lineweaver–Burk is the worst of the (all unsatisfactory) linearizations. We propose a new nonparametric technique to use when nonlinear methods cannot be used.

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The Functional Response of Toxorhynchites Rutilus Rutilus (Diptera: Culicidae), a Predator on Container-Breeding Mosquitoes1

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

The final countdown: presence of an invasive mosquito extends time to predation for a native mosquito

The final countdown: presence of an invasive mosquito extends time to predation for a native mosquito

Predator Identity and Additive Effects in a Treehole Community

Further Difficulties in the Analysis of Functional-Response Experiments and a Resolution

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