The Fundamental Conductivity and Resistivity of Water

Abstract

The most accurate values to date were determined for conductivity of water from 0-100°C, permitting new determination of high-temperature hydroxide ion equivalent conductance. These values were incorporated into a fundamental water coefficient table including hydroxide and hydrogen ion mobilities, water ionization constant, density, conductivity, and resistivity. The conductivity/resistivity values were measured with a multiple-pass, closed, recirculating flow conductivity system, with improved multiple resistance temperature device measurement, and improved analysis of temperature and impurity effects. An accurate conductivity knowledge is necessary to understand water-limiting processes and to facilitate the analysis of trace ionic impurities in water.

Transition-metal-oxide based functional thin-film device using leakage-free electrolyte

“…The conductivity was calculated to be 2.5¯S cm ¹1 , which is three orders of magnitude larger than 5 nS cm ¹1 of the dense a-NaTaO 3 film and two orders of magnitude larger than 55 nS cm ¹1 of ultra-pure water. 56) Water vapor in the air is incorporated into the a-NaTaO 3 nanopillar array film, and then, a small amount of Na + ions from the a-NaTaO 3 nanopillars is dissolved into the adsorbed water; finally, the nanopores are filled with aqueous NaOH solution, which serves as a leakage-free alkaline electrolyte.…”

Low-frequency dielectrophoretic response of a single particle in aqueous suspensions

“…where r is the particle radius, and D is the counterion diffusion coefficient dominated by proton 26,27 in this study.…”

“…26,27 For simplicity of estimating the value of xs, we assume a typical DEP crossover frequency to be on the order of 50 kHz. x 2 s a 2 ffi ð3 Â 10 À5 Þ 2 ð2 Â 50 Â 10 3 pÞ 2 ¼ 89.…”

Surface fluorinated epoxy resin for high voltage DC application

“…It is interesting to note from Table 6-1, Table 6-3, Table 6-5, and Table 6-7, the loss of mass due to water vaporisation are larger in the fluorinated samples, indicating good wettability value and small water contact angle on the surface of fluorinated epoxy samples [110]. It is well known that the contact angle of a water droplet on the surface of a solid The absorbed water on the surface does contribute to a higher surface current value due to the mobility of hydrogen and hydroxyl ions [177]. Accordingly, the loss of moisture on the surface hugely affects the DC current value and the corresponding decay rates.…”