The fungal pattern recognition receptor, Dectin-1, and the associated cluster of C-type lectin-like receptors

Abstract

The mammalian natural killer gene complex (NKC) contains several families of type II transmembrane C-type lectin-like receptors (CLRs) that are best known for their involvement in the detection of virally infected or transformed cells, through the recognition of endogenous (or self) proteinacious ligands. However, certain CLR families within the NKC, particularly those expressed by myeloid cells, recognize structurally diverse ligands and perform a variety of other immune and homoeostatic functions. One such family is the ‘Dectin-1 cluster’ of CLRs, which includes MICL, CLEC-2, CLEC12B, CLEC9A, CLEC-1, Dectin-1 and LOX-1. Here, we review each of these CLRs, exploring our current understanding of their ligands and functions and highlighting where they have provided new insights into the underlying mechanisms of immunity and homeostasis.

The Lectin-Like Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-1 and its Soluble Form: Cardiovascular Implications

“…The region telomeric of CD94 contains in addition to the LOX-1 gene, the novel human DECTIN-1 and the CLEC-1 and CLEC-2 genes within about 100 kb. Sequence similarities and chromosomal arrangement suggest that these genes form a separate subfamily of lectin-like genes within the NKC encoding receptors with important immune and/or scavenger functions in monocytes, dendritic cells and EC 16,17) . The OLR1 gene spans more than 7000 base pairs (bp), and consists of 6 exons interrupted by 5 introns; exons 1 − 5 range from 102 to 246 bp, whereas exon 6 is relatively long, being 1722 bp (Fig.…”

DNGR-1+dendritic cells are located in meningeal membrane and choroid plexus of the noninjured brain

“…Dngr-1/Clec9a mRNA has been examined in total human and mouse tissues, with the highest expression detected in human brain, thymus, and spleen (Huysamen and Brown, 2009), but the specific location of this expression in the brain has so far not been reported. In mouse tissues, different Dngr-1 isoforms are detected in spleen DCs (Sancho et al, 2008).…”

C-type lectin receptor-induced NF-κB activation in innate immune and inflammatory responses

“…These CLRs have been shown or implicated to be PRRs. [17][18][19][20] They are clustered into two distinct groups: the Dectin-1 cluster (composed of MICL, CLEC-2, CLEC9A, CLEC12B, CLEC-1, Dectin-1 and LOX-1) 20 and the Dectin-2 cluster (composed of BDCA-2, DCAR, DCIR, Dectin-2, Clecsf8 and Mincle). [17][18][19][20] CLRs from the Dectin-1 group all have an extracellular CRD, a stalk region, a transmembrane region and a signal transduction domain in the intracellular tail (reviewed in Ref.…”