The Geisha Guyots: Multibeam bathymetry and morphometric interpretation

Vogt, Peter R.; Smoot, N. Christian

doi:10.1029/jb089ib13p11085

Cited by 121 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…The effect of the entrenchment of the edifice is well illustrated, for example, in the morphology of guyots in the Pacific Ocean (Vogt and Smoot, 1984). Modern examples include those on Madeira Island (Brum da , El Hierro in the Canaries (Masson, 1996), Guadalupe off Mexico, and Isabela in the Galápagos (Mitchell, 2003).…”

Section: Massive Failurementioning

confidence: 99%

Coastal evolution on volcanic oceanic islands: A complex interplay between volcanism, erosion, sedimentation, sea-level change and biogenic production

Ramalho¹,

Quartau

Trenhaile

et al. 2013

Earth-Science Reviews

160

147

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The growth and decay of oceanic hotspot volcanoes are intrinsically related to a competition between volcanic construction and erosive destruction, and coastlines are at the forefront of such confrontation. In this paper, we review the several mechanisms that interact and contribute to the development of coastlines on oceanic island volcanoes, and how these processes evolve throughout the islands' lifetime. Volcanic constructional processes dominate during the emergent island and subaerial shield-building stages. During the emergent island stage, surtseyan activity prevails and hydroclastic and pyroclastic structures form; these structures are generally ephemeral because they can be rapidly obliterated by marine erosion. With the onset of the subaerial shield-building stage, coastal evolution is essentially characterized by rapid but intermittent lateral growth through the formation of lava deltas, largely expanding the coastlines until they, typically, reach their maximum extension. With the post-shield quiescence in volcanic activity, destructive processes gradually take over and coastlines retreat, adopting a more prominent profile; mass wasting and marine and fluvial erosion reshape the landscape and, if conditions are favorable, biogenic processes assume a prominent role. Posterosional volcanic activity may temporarily reverse the balance by renewing coastline expansion, but islands inexorably enter in a long battle for survival above sea level. Reef growth and/or uplift may also prolong the island's lifetime above the waves. The ultimate fate of most islands, however, is to be drowned through subsidence and/or truncation by marine erosion.Keywords complex, interplay, between, volcanism, erosion, sedimentation, sea, level, islands, change, coastal, biogenic, production, oceanic, evolution, volcanic, GeoQuest Disciplines Medicine and Health Sciences | Social and Behavioral Sciences Publication DetailsRamalho, R. S., Quartau, R., Trenhaile, A. S., Mitchell, N. C., Woodroffe, C. D. & Avila, S. P. (2013). Coastal evolution on volcanic oceanic islands: a complex interplay between volcanism, erosion, sedimentation, sealevel change and biogenic production. Earth-Science Reviews, 127 140-170. AbstractThe growth and decay of oceanic hotspot volcanoes are intrinsically related to a competition between volcanic construction and erosive destruction, and coastlines are at the forefront of such confrontation. In this paper, we review the several mechanisms that interact and contribute to the development of coastlines on oceanic island volcanoes, and how these processes evolve throughout the islands' lifetime. Volcanic constructional processes dominate during the emergent island and subaerial shield-building stages. During the emergent island stage, surtseyan activity prevails and hydroclastic and pyroclastic structures form; these structures are generally ephemeral because they can be rapidly obliterated by marine erosion. With the onset of the subaerial shield-building stage, coastal evolution is essentially ch...

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Section: Massive Failurementioning

confidence: 99%

Coastal evolution on volcanic oceanic islands: A complex interplay between volcanism, erosion, sedimentation, sea-level change and biogenic production

Ramalho¹,

Quartau

Trenhaile

et al. 2013

Earth-Science Reviews

160

147

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“…Clague [1996] states that the 120 Myr old lithosphere beneath the youngest Emperor seamounts behaves as 40 Myr lithosphere, while the thermal age beneath the oldest Emperors is closer to 10 Myr. Other researchers suggest that the degree of thermal reset averages 40-45% of the actual lithospheric age [Epp, 1984;Vogt and Smoot, 1984]. No amount of age "reset," however, can account for seafloor depths shallower than normal ridge crests, which are commonly observed at hotspots occurring near mid-ocean ridges, such as Iceland, the Azores, and the Galapagos (Figure 4).…”

Section: Models Of Hotspot Thermal Anomaliesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin of intraplate volcanoes from guyot heights and oceanic paleodepth

Caplan‐Auerbach¹,

Duennebier²,

Ito³

2000

J. Geophys. Res.

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Abstract. The height of a guyot as measured from the surrounding regional sea floor to the volcano's slope break records the water depth at the time the guyot submerged. Thus guyot heights may be used as indicators of the paleodepth of the surrounding ocean floor. We compile data on the heights of 68 intraplate guyots and atolls in the Pacific Ocean as well as 46 volcanic islands in the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans. We find that guyot heights generally increase with the age of the lithosphere upon which they were emplaced, although there is a large amount of scatter. In nearly all cases, seamount height, and thus seafloor paleodepth, is less than expected of normal seafloor. These results suggest that most of the volcanoes in this study formed on anomalously shallow seafloor, consistent with formation at hotspots. To characterize thermal anomalies associated with these hotspot swells, we model guyot heights by calculating the isostatic uplift predicted for normal lithosphere that has been partly reheated and is underlain by anomalously hot mantle. This model is able to explain the anomalous water depth at most of the seamounts with hotspot thermal anomalies of 100ø-300øC. The heights of a few volcanic chains, however, are not anomalously low, suggesting that these volcanoes are not associated with hotspots. In addition, the observed trend of Hawaiian-Emperor guyot heights as well as the subdued morphology and gravity signature of the oldest Emperor seamounts supports our hypothesis that Cretaceous age Meiji seamount may have formed on or near a spreading center. Introductionbe taller than those formed on young seafloor. We therefore exThe study of guyots can be traced to 1946 when H. Hess identi-amine guyot heights as a function of the age contrast between the fled these flat-topped features as eroded islands now submerged volcano and the underlying lithosphere. In addition, whereas beneath the ocean [Hess, 1946]. Strictly, any seamount with a flat other researchers have considered the height of the guyot as extop may be termed a guyot, but in this paper we consider only tending to the top of the reef or sediment, in this paper we measthose guyots that have undergone subaerial erosion, resulting in a ure the height to the slope break of the volcanic basement, which relatively small amount of surficial relief. For these guyots the is our best estimate for the seafloor depth at the time of volcanheight from the seafloor to the volcano's erosional horizon should ism. equal the depth of the surrounding seafloor at the location and In this paper we compile previously published data on 114 intime of submergence. This concept has been used by a number of traplate volcanoes that are either currently subaerial or have been researchers to investigate paleo-seafloor depths and the subsi-subaerial at one time (Figure 1). These data are displayed in Figdence range of ages. These studies suggest that Meiji guyot, assumed to The primary goal of this study is to use guyot heights to deter-be the oldest and northernmost...

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“…The summit, however, is more circular and is about 17 km in diameter. The summit of Lecointe Guyot is also a gently domed plain, about 200 km, lying at depths of between 350 and 500 m. Both guyots have average slopes on their flanks of about 11°, near the mean for Pacific guyots (Vogt and Smoot 1984). On the northwest flank of Lecointe Guyot, a very rugged shelf occurs between 2000 and 3000 m depth.…”

Section: Bathymetrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The single dredge location is indicated by the black diamond and 90 km N-S at its base, and 17;46 km at its summit. The summit area is a gently domed plain, lying at depths of 390-600 m. The area of the summit plateau of this guyot is about 600 km, making it an average-sized Pacific guyot (Vogt and Smoot 1984).…”

Section: Bathymetrymentioning

confidence: 99%

A geophysical survey of the De Gerlache Seamounts: preliminary results

et al. 1998

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The De Gerlache Seamounts actually consist of two medium-sized guyots, with summits at depths of 350-600 m. Acoustic profiler data show no significant sediment on these guyots. Alkaline basalts dredged from the summit of the eastern guyot yield K/Ar ages between 20.1$1.0 and 23.2$1.2 Ma. Basement ridges and sediment-filled troughs between the guyots are associated with the prominent gravity anomaly extending north from the Antarctic margin. This structure possibly played a role in the guyot formation, however, the question of how the De Gerlache Seamounts are related to this gravity anomaly remains uncertain.

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The Geisha Guyots: Multibeam bathymetry and morphometric interpretation

Cited by 121 publications

References 61 publications

Coastal evolution on volcanic oceanic islands: A complex interplay between volcanism, erosion, sedimentation, sea-level change and biogenic production

Coastal evolution on volcanic oceanic islands: A complex interplay between volcanism, erosion, sedimentation, sea-level change and biogenic production

Origin of intraplate volcanoes from guyot heights and oceanic paleodepth

A geophysical survey of the De Gerlache Seamounts: preliminary results

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