The gene<i>ENHANCER OF PINOID</i>controls cotyledon development in the<i>Arabidopsis</i>embryo

Treml, Birgit S.; Winderl, Sabine; Radykewicz, Roman; Herz, Markus; Schweizer, Günther; Hutzler, Peter; Glawischnig, Erich; Ruiz, Ramón A. Torres

doi:10.1242/dev.01969

Cited by 107 publications

(130 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Consequently, the characteristic turnover in auxin transport direction during the globular embryo stage does not occur, resulting in a misspecification of the hypophysis and in rootless seedlings (Friml et al, 2004). Low phosphorylation levels in the pid mutants result in a preferential basal PIN targeting (Friml et al, 2004;Treml et al, 2005), yielding pin1-like inflorescences (Benjamins et al, 2001). As described in these studies, many of the mutants affected in PIN polarization are severely impaired in their development, including root growth.…”

Section: Nematode Infection Requires Changes In the Host's Auxin Respmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manipulation of Auxin Transport in Plant Roots during Rhizobium Symbiosis and Nematode Parasitism

et al. 2009

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The plant rhizosphere harbors many different microorganisms, ranging from plant growth-promoting bacteria to devastating plant parasites. Some of these microbes are able to induce de novo organ formation in infected roots. Certain soil bacteria, collectively called rhizobia, form a symbiotic interaction with legumes, leading to the formation of nitrogen-fixing root nodules. Sedentary endoparasitic nematodes, on the other hand, induce highly specialized feeding sites in infected plant roots from which they withdraw nutrients. In order to establish these new root structures, it is thought that these organisms use and manipulate the endogenous molecular and physiological pathways of their hosts. Over the years, evidence has accumulated reliably demonstrating the involvement of the plant hormone auxin. Moreover, the auxin responses during microbe-induced de novo organ formation seem to be dynamic, suggesting that plant-associated microbes can actively modify their host's auxin transport. In this review, we focus on recent findings in auxin transport mechanisms during plant development and on how plant symbionts and parasites have evolved to manipulate these mechanisms for their own purposes.

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Section: Nematode Infection Requires Changes In the Host's Auxin Respmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manipulation of Auxin Transport in Plant Roots during Rhizobium Symbiosis and Nematode Parasitism

et al. 2009

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“…One of the major decision regulators on the PIN polarity are the Ser/Thr protein kinase PINOID (PID; Christensen et al, 2000;Benjamins et al, 2001;Friml et al, 2004) and the protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A; Michniewicz et al, 2007). High levels of PIN phosphorylation as achieved by overexpression of PID or inhibition of PP2A lead to a preferential apical PIN targeting, whereas low phosphorylation levels in the pid mutants result in a preferential basal PIN targeting (Friml et al, 2004;Treml et al, 2005). Importantly, PID has been shown to directly phosphorylate the hydrophilic loop of PIN proteins in vivo and in vitro and PP2A phosphatase has been shown to antagonize this action (Michniewicz et al, 2007).…”

Section: Role Of Phosphorylation In Polar Targetingmentioning

confidence: 99%

PIN Polar Targeting

2008

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“…On the other hand, the initial down-regulation of STM expression in the incipient primordia is likely controlled in a K-boxindependent manner. Current studies suggest that auxin is a key factor responsible for the initial down-regulation of KNOX1 genes (44)(45)(46)(47). Our results show the initial down-regulation in both STMp-GUS and ⌬K-GUS plants (Fig.…”

Section: Function Of K-box In Stm Genes Suggests Regulatory Points Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of SHOOT MERISTEMLESS genes via an upstream-conserved noncoding sequence coordinates leaf development

Uchida

Townsley

Chung

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The indeterminate shoot apical meristem of plants is characterized by the expression of the Class 1 KNOTTED1-LIKE HOMEOBOX (KNOX1) genes. KNOX1 genes have been implicated in the acquisition and/or maintenance of meristematic fate. One of the earliest indicators of a switch in fate from indeterminate meristem to determinate leaf primordium is the down-regulation of KNOX1 genes orthologous to SHOOT MERISTEMLESS (STM) in Arabidopsis (hereafter called STM genes) in the initiating primordia. In simple leafed plants, this down-regulation persists during leaf formation. In compound leafed plants, however, KNOX1 gene expression is reestablished later in the developing primordia, creating an indeterminate environment for leaflet formation. Despite this knowledge, most aspects of how STM gene expression is regulated remain largely unknown. Here, we identify two evolutionarily conserved noncoding sequences within the 5 upstream region of STM genes in both simple and compound leafed species across monocots and dicots. We show that one of these elements is involved in the regulation of the persistent repression and/or the reestablishment of STM expression in the developing leaves but is not involved in the initial down-regulation in the initiating primordia. We also show evidence that this regulation is developmentally significant for leaf formation in the pathway involving ASYMMETRIC LEAVES1/2 (AS1/2) gene expression; these genes are known to function in leaf development. Together, these findings reveal a regulatory point of leaf development mediated through a conserved, noncoding sequence in STM genes.evolution ͉ KNOX1 ͉ shoot apical meristem T he shoot apical meristem (SAM) of plants is an indeterminate structure and the source of stem cells from which all aerial organs are derived. Indeterminacy during development is regulated by a suite of genes that function in the SAM. The process of organ initiation begins when cells in the incipient organ primordium change identity from indeterminate to determinate. The indeterminate SAM is characterized by the expression of the Class 1 KNOTTED1-LIKE HOMEOBOX (KNOX1) genes. KNOX1 genes have been implicated in the acquisition and/or maintenance of meristematic fate (1, 2). One of the earliest indicators of a switch in fate from indeterminate meristem to determinate leaf primordium is the down-regulation of KNOX1 genes orthologous to SHOOT MERISTEMLESS (STM) in Arabidopsis (hereafter called STM genes) in the incipient primordia (1).The SAM can give rise to two different leaf forms, simple or compound (3), and KNOX1 genes are down-regulated in the incipient primordia in both compound and simple leafed species. In simple leafed plants, this down-regulation persists during leaf formation (4-7), and overexpression of these genes is sufficient to cause leaf lobing and ectopic meristem formation (8-11). However, KNOX1 expression is reestablished later in the developing primordia of compound leafed plants (12-15). Additionally, overexpression of KNOX1 genes in transgenic tomato plants or spo...

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The geneENHANCER OF PINOIDcontrols cotyledon development in theArabidopsisembryo

Cited by 107 publications

References 52 publications

Manipulation of Auxin Transport in Plant Roots during Rhizobium Symbiosis and Nematode Parasitism

Manipulation of Auxin Transport in Plant Roots during Rhizobium Symbiosis and Nematode Parasitism

PIN Polar Targeting

Regulation of SHOOT MERISTEMLESS genes via an upstream-conserved noncoding sequence coordinates leaf development

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