The geomagnetic response to the X-class solar flares of September 2017

Pole‐To‐Pole Ionospheric Disturbances Due To Solar Flares, During Low Solar Activity

“…Also, there is an enhancement of the equatorial electrojet (EEJ) and an intensification of the equatorial ionospheric anomaly (EIA) (Fagundes et al, 2020;Liu et al, 2004Liu et al, , 2006, due to an increase of the plasma density in the E and F regions, respectively. The ionosphere disturbances due to SF, geomagnetic storms, and EIA changes have been studied by many researchers and their investigations show the importance of ionospheric electrodynamics under different solar activity (Abdu et al, 2017;Barta et al, 2019;Berdermann et al, 2018;Berngardt et al, 2019;Curto, 2020;Curto et al, 2018;Das et al, 2010;de Abreu et al, 2019;Fagundes et al, 2020;Hayes et al, 2017;Le et al, 2016;Li et al, 2018;Liu et al, 2004Liu et al, , 2006Luo et al, 2023;Manju et al, 2009;Mao et al, 2017;Meza et al, 2009;Nogueira et al, 2015;Oljira, 2023;Qian et al, 2011;Raulin et al, 2010;Sahai et al, 2007Sahai et al, , 2009Sripathi et al, 2013;Tsurutani et al, 2005Tsurutani et al, , 2009Xiong et al, 2011Xiong et al, , 2014Zhang & Xiao, 2005;Zhang et al, 2017;Zhu & Ridley, 2014).…”