The gestating and lactating sow

Farmer, C.

doi:10.3920/978-90-8686-803-2

Cited by 46 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 207 publications

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“…Similar development of biological value between 0 and 52 nd h published Csapó et al (1996). Hurley (2015) stated, that colostrum compared to milk contains more amino acids. Le Dividich et al (2005) claimed that threonine concentration of colostrum is higher than it is in milk, because threonine is a part of immunoglobulins.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 50%

“…Csapó et al (1996) took the first colostrum sample immediately after parturition (before the piglets could suckle) and then after 12 and 24 h, without injecting of oxytocin. Hurley (2015) wrote, that colostrum used for amino acids determination was from within 12 h of parturition, together with information published by Jackson et al (1995) about necessary administration of oxytocin to collect colostrum samples by about 6 h after birth of the first piglet. Other publications shown amino acids concentration only in sow's milk.…”

Section: Abstraktmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Essential amino acid index of sow’s colostrum

Rolinec¹,

Bíro²,

Gálik³

et al. 2018

JCEA

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The aim of this study was to determine the protein quality of sow's colostrum. For this purpose, the essential amino acid index (EAAI) of sow's colostrum was calculated. The study was carried out on 12 Large white sows, which were on the 2.9 farrowing on average. Colostrum samples were collected by milking per hand without application of oxytocin. First sample were milked at time of birth of first piglet, and then every hour till 12 th hour. Essential amino acids were determined using Amino Acid Analyser AAA400 (Ingos, Prague). For calculation of EAAI, the egg protein (EAAIegg) and protein of sow's milk (EAAIsow's milk) were used as standard. The highest value of EAAI was calculated for both at 4 th h, EAAIegg 97.1%, EAAIsow's milk 120.2%. The lowest values of EAAI were calculated at 12 th h EAAIegg 78.3% and EAAIsow's milk 96.9%. During the first 12 hours, protein of sow's colostrum had not reached the quality of egg protein. Except sample collected at 12 th hour after birth of first piglet, all colostrum samples had better quality of protein in comparison to sow's milk. No significant (P>0.05) differences of EAAI between colostrum samples collected at different times from the birth of the first piglet till 12 th h were observed.Keywords: amino acids, colostrum, index of essential amino acid, sow Abstrakt Cieľom tejto práce bolo stanoviť kvalitu bielkovín v mledzive prasníc. Pre dosiahnutie vytýčených cieľov bol pre mledzivo prasníc vypočítaný index esenciálnych aminokyselín (EAAI). Štúdia bola realizovaná na 12 prasniciach plemena Biela ušľachtilá, ktoré boli v priemere na 2,9 vrhu. Vzorky mledziva boli odoberané ručným oddojením, bez aplikácie oxytocínu. Prvá vzorka bola odobraná v čase narodenia prvého prasiatka vo vrhu, následné vzorky boli odoberané každú hodinu až do dvanástej hodiny po narodení prvého prasiatka. Obsah esenciálnych aminokyselín bol stanovený na prístroji Amino Acid Analyser AAA400 (Ingos, Praha). Ako štandardná bielkovina pre výpočet EAAI bola použitá bielkovina vajca (EAAIegg) a bielkovina mlieka prasníc (EAAIsow's milk). Najvyššie hodnoty EAAI boli stanovené pri oboch na 4 hodinu od narodenia prvého prasiatka, EAAIegg 97,1%, EAAIsow's milk Original scientific paper DOI: /10.5513/JCEA01/19.1.2028 Journal of Central European Agriculture, 2018, 19(1), p.95-101 95 120,2%. Najnižšie hodnoty EAAI boli stanovené na dvanástu hodinu od narodenia prvého prasiatka, EAAIegg 78,3% and EAAIsow's milk 96,9%. Počas sledovaných prvých dvanástich hodín mledzivo prasníc nedosiahlo kvalitu bielkovín, ktorá je vo vaječnej bielkovine. Okrem vzorky mledziva odobranej na dvanástu hodinu po narodení prvého prasiatka, mali všetky vzorky mledziva lepšiu kvalitu bielkovín ako je kvalita bielkovín v mlieku prasníc. Rozdiely hodnôt EAAIegg a aj EAAIsow's milk zistené medzi jednotlivými časmi odberu vzorky boli štatisticky nepreukazné (P>0.05).

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 50%

Section: Abstraktmentioning

confidence: 99%

Essential amino acid index of sow’s colostrum

Rolinec¹,

Bíro²,

Gálik³

et al. 2018

JCEA

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show abstract

“…To date, the effects of backfat on sow reproductive performance are still inconsistent. Some contend that backfat is not a reliable predictor of subsequent sow reproductive performance (22), but other scientists argue that there is an optimal range of backfat (15-16 mm or even at least 20 mm) for maintaining subsequent reproduction (23,24). Increasing dietary energy levels is an effective way to reduce back fat thickness loss in sows because the requirement to mobilize their body lipids is decreased.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Dietary Monoglyceride and Diglyceride Supplementation on the Performance, Milk Composition, and Immune Status of Sows During Late Gestation and Lactation

et al. 2021

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Monoglyceride and diglyceride (MGDG) have antiviral and antibacterial properties and act as emulsifiers to increase dietary lipid digestibility. The primary aim of this trial was to investigate the effects of dietary MGDG supplementation on the reproductive performance and health status of sows during late gestation and lactation. One hundred sows (Landrace × Large White, mean parity of 4.59) were randomly allocated to groups receiving two different diets with 4% soybean lipids or 4% MGDG from day 85 of gestation to day 21 of lactation. Milk samples were collected on the day of farrowing (colostrum) and on day 14 of lactation, and blood samples were collected from the sows on days 0, 14, and 21 of lactation. Compared with control sows, sows fed MGDG showed no significant differences in reproductive performance (P > 0.05), but sow back fat thickness loss decreased during lactation (P < 0.05). There was a significant decrease in TNF-α concentrations in colostrum in the MGDG-supplemented sows compared with that in the soybean lipid-supplemented sows (P < 0.05). Dietary MGDG supplementation decreased sow plasma IL-8 concentrations on day 0 of lactation and IL-18 concentrations on days 14 and 21 of lactation (P < 0.05). Administration of MGDG increased the glucose and total cholesterol concentrations in sow plasma on day 14 and day 21, respectively (P < 0.05). The findings in this study suggest that MGDG supplementation could be effective in reducing back fat loss, decreasing inflammatory factor levels, and controlling total cholesterol (TCHO) concentrations during lactation.

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“…Too much energy in the diet of a gestating sow can result in excess body weight and backfat thickness. This may lead to a variety of problems during delivery ( 71 ). To ensure optimal health and optimal physiological conditions for gestating sows, as well as to reduce farming costs, gestating sows are often fed restrictively; however, restrictive feeding can lead to abnormal stereotyped behaviors such as chewing without food, loud growling, climbing on bars, licking troughs and floors, and biting bars due to starvation ( 72 ).…”

Section: The Application Of Alfalfa In Pig Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“King of the forage”—Alfalfa supplementation improves growth, reproductive performance, health condition and meat quality of pigs

Huangfu²,

Yang³

et al. 2022

Front. Vet. Sci.

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As one kind of high-quality feed with rich nutrients, including high quality protein and amino acids, dietary fiber, enriched vitamins and mineral elements and bioactive molecules, alfalfa has been widely used in the production of ruminant livestock. As the understanding of alfalfa becomes more and more comprehensive, it is found that the high-quality nutrients in alfalfa could have positive effects on pigs. An increasing number of researches have shown that supplementing dietary alfalfa to the diet of gestating sows reduced constipation, alleviated abnormal behavior, improved satiety and reproductive performance; supplementing dietary alfalfa to the diet of piglets improved growth performance and intestinal barrier function, reduced intestinal inflammatory response and diarrhea; supplementing dietary alfalfa to the diet of growing-fattening pigs improved production performance and pork quality. Moreover, the mechanisms by which various nutrients of alfalfa exert their beneficial effects on pigs mainly including dietary fiber stimulating intestinal peristalsis, enhancing the activity of digestive enzymes, and promoting the colonization of beneficial bacteria in the intestinal tract through fermentation in the intestine, producing short-chain fatty acids and thus improving intestinal health; high quality protein and amino acids are beneficial to improve animal health condition; rich vitamins and mineral elements play an important role in various physiological functions and growth and development of the body; and bioactive molecules can improve the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory level. Therefore, alfalfa could be used as pig feed ingredient to alleviate various problems in the pig industry and to improve pig production performance. In this review, we detail the current application of alfalfa in pigs and discuss the potential mechanisms involved in how alfalfa improves growth and reproductive performance, pork quality, and intestinal health of the animals, thus laying the foundation for the increased application of high-quality forage in pig production.

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The gestating and lactating sow

Cited by 46 publications

References 207 publications

Essential amino acid index of sow’s colostrum

Essential amino acid index of sow’s colostrum

Effects of Dietary Monoglyceride and Diglyceride Supplementation on the Performance, Milk Composition, and Immune Status of Sows During Late Gestation and Lactation

“King of the forage”—Alfalfa supplementation improves growth, reproductive performance, health condition and meat quality of pigs

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