The Glacial Sequence in the North of England

Abstract

IN recent years great progress has been made in the correlations of the Glacial deposits with the culture stages of the Palaeolithic period. In particular the recent papers of Professor P. G. H. Boswell (1) and Dr. K. S. Sandford (15), whilst adding considerably to our knowledge, have at the same time brought out the inherent difficulties that arise in any attempt to correlate the culture stages with the sequence of glaciations.

Microstructures in subglacial and proglacial sediments: understanding faults, folds and fabrics, and the influence of water on the style of deformation

“…During the Readvance, glacier ice from the Southern Uplands flowed over the flat-lying glaciofluvial/glaciolacustrine sediments, encountering a number of ice-marginal lakes ponded against high ground to the east (Trotter, 1929;Hollingworth, 1932) Evans et al, 2006). This would have also aided in the mixing and incorporation of the underlying laminated fine-grained sediments into the base of the diamicton.…”

“…The site is located within gently undulating low-lying drumlinised ground close to where Trotter (1922) first recognised evidence of a significant southward readvance of Scottish ice into the Solway Lowlands during the Late Devensian glaciation. Further evidence for this readvance was found in the Carlisle area, to the south, where the so-called 'tripartite sequence' was established and subsequently correlated across northwest England (Trotter and Hollingworth, 1932). Evidence for this readvance was subsequently questioned by Pennington (1970), Evans and Arthurton (1973) and Thomas (1985).…”

The palaeoglaciology of the central sector of the British and Irish Ice Sheet: reconciling glacial geomorphology and preliminary ice sheet modelling

“…Early research recognized three phases of ice flow into the region, including an early "Scottish advance", a later "Main glaciation" and then a readvance phase (Trotter & Hollingworth, 1932). The early Scottish advance is recorded by a stratigraphically older reddish brown till containing Scottish erratics and documenting Scottish ice advance into the Tyne Gap and up Edenside as far as Stainmore, diverting Lake District ice over the Stainmore Gap (Trotter 1929;Hollingworth 1931;Huddart, 1970Huddart, , 1971.…”

“…Hollingworth 1931;Trotter & Hollingworth 1932). Salt and Evans (2004) identified superimposed multiple flow events to the north where Southern Upland ice competed with flow from the Scottish Highlands (Fig.…”

Boreal Deposits at Kirkby Thore, Westmorland

“…The hollow in the gypsum has been sealed by a layer of boulder clay from the last glaciation of the district, the Main Lakeland Glaciation (Trotter, 1929;Trotter & Hollingworth, 1932). The overlying blue stony clay is doubtless derived from this boulder clay.…”