The Glasgow Prognostic Score and fibrinogen to albumin ratio as prognostic factors in hospitalized patients with COVID-19

Abstract

Aim : This study aims to determine the prognostic value of the Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS) and fibrinogen to albumin ratio (FAR) in patients with COVID-19. Methods : Electronic database records of 400 patients with COVID-19 were retrospectively analyzed and the initial levels of CRP, albumin, fibrinogen values were recorded. The ground-glass opacities (GGO) and consolidations were evaluated on thorax CT. Hospital mortality and the need for intensive care unit (ICU) transfer were determined as adverse outcomes. Results : It was determined that 345 patients (86.25%) were discharged while 31 patients (7.75%) were transferred to ICU in addition to 24 patients who died (6%). The rates of deaths and transfers to ICU were significantly increased in GPS 2 group compared to both GPS 0 and 1 groups. Additionally, increased FAR was observed in patients who died and transferred to ICU compared to the discharged patients. The FAR was significantly increased in patients with diffuse GGO. Logistic regression analysis indicated that FAR ≥144.59 and the presence of GPS 2 were independent predictors of the adverse outcomes in COVID-19 patients. Conclusion : Our results demonstrated that the GPS and FAR could possess a predictive value for adverse outcomes in patients with COVID-19.

Association between Fibrinogen-to-Albumin Ratio and Prognosis of Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…Of the 20 remaining articles, 10 were excluded following full-text review for different reasons ( Figure 1 ). Finally, 10 studies recruiting a total of 3675 patients published between 2020 and 2022 were deemed eligible for quantitative syntheses [ 12 , 24 , 25 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 ].…”

“…The characteristics of the included studies are summarized in Table 1 . The included studies were conducted mainly in Turkey (seven studies) [ 24 , 25 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 37 ], while the other three studies were conducted in China (two studies) [ 12 , 38 ] and Croatia (one study) [ 36 ]. Five studies recruited hospitalized patients, without providing details about the units to which they were admitted [ 12 , 32 , 35 , 37 , 38 ], while three studies focused on those admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) [ 24 , 33 , 36 ].…”

“…The included studies were conducted mainly in Turkey (seven studies) [ 24 , 25 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 37 ], while the other three studies were conducted in China (two studies) [ 12 , 38 ] and Croatia (one study) [ 36 ]. Five studies recruited hospitalized patients, without providing details about the units to which they were admitted [ 12 , 32 , 35 , 37 , 38 ], while three studies focused on those admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) [ 24 , 33 , 36 ]. Of the other two studies, one investigated assorted hospitalized and ICU patients [ 25 ] and one researched those admitted through the emergency department [ 34 ].…”

“…Details regarding gender distribution were not mentioned in one study [ 36 ]. Six studies investigated the association between the F/A ratio and mortality in patients with COVID-19 [ 24 , 25 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ], while the other four focused on the relationship between the F/A ratio and disease severity [ 12 , 32 , 37 , 38 ]. Three studies defined disease severity as patients with respiratory distress or organ dysfunction [ 12 , 32 , 37 ], while one study defined disease severity as those with respiratory distress [ 38 ].…”

“…The risks of bias based on the QUIPS tool are shown in Figure 2 . For five studies, the risk of bias of study participation was deemed unclear due to the significant difference in patient age between the two groups [ 12 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 38 ]. Due to the adoption of a retrospective study design in all of the included studies, the adjustment for other prognostic factors may not be adequate; therefore, the risk of bias for this domain was considered to be unclear in all studies.…”