The Global Cardiovascular Risk Transition

Danaei, Goodarz; Singh, Gitanjali; Paciorek, Christopher J.; Lin, Hsien Ho; Cowan, Melanie J.; Finucane, Mariel M.; Farzadfar, Farshad; Stevens, Gretchen A; Riley, Leanne M; Lu, Yuan; Rao, Mayuree; Ezzati, Majid

doi:10.1161/circulationaha.113.001470

Cited by 229 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Dahle and colleagues showed that high-normal blood glucose levels were associated with decreased delayed associative memory, reduced accuracy of working memory processing among women, and slower working memory processing among men, demonstrating that in healthy and not very old adults, normal but elevated values of recognized vascular risk factors were negatively associated with performance in agesensitive cognitive tasks [67]. Blood glucose levels within the normal range are mostly influenced by diet [68], so preventive interventions using low-glycemic index diets may have a large impact on public health. Authors' disclosures available online (http://j-alz.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Midlife Metabolic Profile and the Risk of Late-Life Cognitive Decline

Tortelli

Lozupone

Guerra

et al. 2017

JAD

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Abstract. Among metabolic syndrome components, the effects of higher plasma glucose levels on cognitive decline (CD) have been considered in few studies. We evaluated the associations among midlife glycemia, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, midlife insulin resistance [homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMAindex)], and CD in the older subjects of the population-based MICOL Study (Castellana Grotte, Italy) at baseline (M1) and at follow-ups seven (M2) and twenty years later (M3). At M1, a dementia risk score and a composite cardiovascular risk score for dementia were calculated. For 797 subjects out of 833, we obtained a Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score at M3, subdividing these subjects in three cognitive functioning subgroups: normal cognition, mild CD, and moderate-severe CD. Mean fasting glycemia at baseline was significantly higher in moderate-severe CD subgroup (114.6 ± 71.4 mg/dl) than in the normal cognition subgroup (101.2 ± 20.6). Adjusting for gender, age, and other metabolic components, higher fasting glycemia values both at M1 [odds ratio (OR) = 1.31; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08-1.59] and M2 (OR = 1.26; 95% CI: 1.01-1.57) were associated with an increased risk of moderate-severe CD. Mean HOMA index value was significantly higher in the moderate-severe CD subgroup (5.7 ± 9.4) compared to the normal cognition subgroup (2.9 ± 1.4) at M1. The dementia risk probability (MMSE < 24) increased moving through higher categories of the dementia risk score and decreased as long as the cardiovascular score increased. The present findings highlighted the indication to control blood glucose levels, regardless of a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, as early as midlife for prevention of late-life dementia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Midlife Metabolic Profile and the Risk of Late-Life Cognitive Decline

Tortelli

Lozupone

Guerra

et al. 2017

JAD

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“…Rapid globalization, urbanization, ageing of society, and an increase in chronic diseases pose new challenges to modern health care systems (9,10). CVD is preventable, but physical inactivity, nicotine abuse and bad nutrition practices (11) (lost of traditional diet habits in new-industrial cultures) are leading to an increase of prevalence in most countries (12).…”

Section: Introduction and Definitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of coronary heart disease and acute coronary syndrome

Sanchís-Gomar¹,

Pérez-Quilis²,

Leischik³

et al. 2016

Ann. Transl. Med.

999

617

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The aim of this review is to summarize the incidence, prevalence, trend in mortality, and general prognosis of coronary heart disease (CHD) and a related condition, acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Although CHD mortality has gradually declined over the last decades in western countries, this condition still causes about one-third of all deaths in people older than 35 years. This evidence, along with the fact that mortality from CHD is expected to continue increasing in developing countries, illustrates the need for implementing effective primary prevention approaches worldwide and identifying risk groups and areas for possible improvement.

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“…Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) [1] and is of increasing public health importance in low- and middle-income countries [2]. Worldwide, there are almost one billion people living with hypertension [3] while different estimates have been found in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence,awareness and factors associated with hypertension in North West Tanzania

Mosha

Mahande

Juma

et al. 2017

Global Health Action

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Background: Hypertension is a public health problem, and yet few people are aware of it and even fewer access effective treatment. With the ongoing demographic transition in many parts of Sub-Saharan Africa, people are changing from rural, manual work to urban lifestyles, hence the risk of hypertension increases. Objective: This study aimed at determining the prevalence, awareness and risk factors associated with hypertension in North West Tanzania. Design: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among adults in Magu District in 2013. Information on socio-demographic, economic and lifestyle characteristics, medical conditions, and risk factors for hypertension were collected according to the WHO Steps survey tool. Measurements of blood pressure, blood sugar, pulse rate, and anthropometry were taken. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for factors associated with hypertension (Blood pressure ≥140/90mm/Hg). Frequencies and percentages were used to determine the awareness, and treatment among hypertensive participants. Results: Among 9678 participants, the prevalence of hypertension was 8.0% and pre-hypertension 36.2%. There was a higher prevalence of hypertension at older ages, among females (8.2%) compared to males (7.7%), and among urban dwellers (10.1%) compared to rural residents (6.8%). Overweight, obese, and diabetic individuals had a higher risk of hypertension while HIV positive participants had a lower risk of hypertension (OR = 0.56; 95% CI 0.39 – 0.79). Among participants with hypertension, awareness was less than 10%. Conclusion: By integrating blood pressure screening into our long-standing community HIV screening program, we were able to identify many previously undiagnosed cases of hypertension and pre-hypertension. Age, residence, overweight and obesity were the major associated factors for hypertension. Awareness and treatment rates are very low indicating the need for programs to improve awareness, and treatment of hypertension.

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The Global Cardiovascular Risk Transition

Cited by 229 publications

References 35 publications

Midlife Metabolic Profile and the Risk of Late-Life Cognitive Decline

Midlife Metabolic Profile and the Risk of Late-Life Cognitive Decline

Epidemiology of coronary heart disease and acute coronary syndrome

Prevalence,awareness and factors associated with hypertension in North West Tanzania

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