The global case fatality rate of coronavirus disease 2019 by continents and national income: A meta‐analysis

Ghayda, Ramy Abou; Lee, Keum Hwa; Han, Young Joo; Ryu, Seohyun; Hong, Sung Hwi; Yoon, Sojung; Jeong, Gwang Hun; Yang, Jae Won; Lee, Hyo‐Jeong; Lee, Jin‐Hee; Lee, Jun Young; Effenberger, Maria; Eisenhut, Michael; Kronbichler, Andreas; Solmi, Marco; Li, Han; Jacob, Louis; Koyanagi, Ai; Raduà, Joaquim; Park, Myung-Bae; Aghayeva, Sevda; Ahmed, Mohamed Lemine Cheikh Brahim; Serouri, Abdulwahed Al; Al-Shamsi, Humaid O.; Amir-Behghadami, Mehrdad; Baatarkhuu, Oidov; Bashour, Hyam; Бондаренко, Анастасія; Camacho-Ortíz, Adrián; Castro, Franz; Cox, Horace; Davtyan, Hayk; Douglas, Kirk Osmond; Dragioti, Elena; Ebrahim, Shahul H.; Ferioli, Martina; Harapan, Harapan; Mallah, Saad I.; Ikram, Aamer; Inoue, Shigeru; Janković, Slobodan; Jayarajah, Umesh; Jeseňák, Miloš; Kakodkar, Pramath; Kebede, Yohannes; Kifle, Meron Mehari; Koh, David; Maleš, Višnja Kokić; Kotfis, Katarzyna; Lakoh, Sulaiman; Ling, Lowell; Llibre‐Guerra, Jorge J.; Machida, Masaki; Makurumidze, Richard; Mamun, Mohammed A.; Mašić, Izet; Minh, Hoàng Văn; Moiseev, Sergey; Nadasdy, Thomas; Nahshon, Chen; Ñamendys‐Silva, Silvio A.; Yongsi, Blaise Nguendo; Nielsen, Henning Bay; Nodjikouambaye, Zita Aleyo; Ohnmar, Ohnmar; Oksanen, Atte; Owopetu, Oluwatomi; Parperis, Konstantinos; Pérez, Gonzalo; Pongpirul, Krit; Rademaker, Marius; Rosa, Sandro G Viveiros; Sah, Ranjit; Sallam, Dina E.; Schober, Patrick; Singhal, Tanu; Tafaj, Silva; Torres, Irene; Torres-Román, J. Smith; Tsartsalis, Dimitrios; Jadamba, Tsolmon; Tuychiev, Laziz; Vukčević, Batrić; Wanghi, Guy Ikambo; Wollina, Uwe; Xu, Ren‐He; Yang, Lin; Zaidi, Zoubida; Smıth, Lee

doi:10.1002/jmv.27610

Cited by 53 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Furthermore, vitamin D is able to suppress among the immunomodulatory effects of vitamin D its ability to increase Treg cells and suppress Th17; the latter produce Il-17 and have been implicated in the pathogenesis of various autoimmune diseases ( 57 - 59 ). Several studies indicate an important role of vitamin D as an immunomodulator and in increasing the response capacity of the innate immune system against pathogens ( 60 - 62 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dexamethasone and Nutraceutical Therapy Can Reduce the Myalgia Due to COVID-19 "&#".ord($0).";""&#".ord($0).";""&#".ord($0).";" a Systemic Review of the Active Substances that Can Reduce the Expression of Interlukin-6

Ripani¹,

Bisaccia²,

Meccariello³

2022

Med Arch

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Background: Myalgia reflects generalized inflammation and cytokine response and can be the onset symptom of 36% of patients with COVID-19. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF- α) levels in plasma and upper respiratory secretions directly correlate with the magnitude of viral replication, fever, and respiratory and systemic symptoms, including musculoskeletal clinical manifestations. Objective: The aim of our work is to report literature scientific investigation clinical protocol to reduce the immunomodulation and inflammatory response nutraceutical therapy associated with dexamethasone and how can reduce the expression of Interlukina-6(IL-6) and myalgia due to COVID-19. Methods: We searched in Pubmed and Cochrane the nautriceutical drugs to treat the immune modulation of organism to COVID-19. We put these keywords: immune inflammation, desease descriptions, epidemiology COVID-19; immunomodulations; IL-6; Rheumatic Symptoms; Joint; Musculoskeletal Disorders; dexamethasone; Polydatin; Zinc; Melatonin; N- Acetyl Cysteine; Colostrum; L- Glutamine; Vitamin D3. Results: We found 61 papers. All the authors analyze them. After the Analyze we suggest the use of response nutraceutical therapy associated with dexamethasone can reduce the expression of Interlukina-6(IL-6) and myalgia due to COVID-19. Conclusion: According the scientific literature nutraceutical therapy associated with dexamethasone can reduce the expression of Interlukina-6(IL-6) and myalgia due to COVID-19.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dexamethasone and Nutraceutical Therapy Can Reduce the Myalgia Due to COVID-19 "&#".ord($0).";""&#".ord($0).";""&#".ord($0).";" a Systemic Review of the Active Substances that Can Reduce the Expression of Interlukin-6

Ripani¹,

Bisaccia²,

Meccariello³

2022

Med Arch

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Various factors, such as data quality, case definition, country, region, city, climate, pollution, virus evolution, human race, smoking, drinking, vaccination coverage, population youngness, or medications, could account partially for some striking differences in COVID‐19 CFRS listed in Figure 2 14,15 . None of them could account for all the above striking differences, and none of them could account for the COVID‐19 CFR differences in the same city of Shanghai between the three adjacent periods (Figures 1 and 2), except IDM.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A highly powerful nonspecific strategy to reduce COVID‐19 deaths

Chen

et al. 2022

Journal of Medical Virology

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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 remains risky worldwide. We elucidate here that good IDM (isolation, disinfection, and maintenance of health) is powerful to reduce COVID-19 deaths based on the striking differences in COVID-19 case fatality rates among various scenarios. IDM means keeping COVID-19 cases away from each other and from other people, disinfecting their living environments, and maintaining their health through good nutrition, rest, and treatment of symptoms and pre-existing diseases (not through specific antiviral therapy). Good IDM could reduce COVID-19 deaths by more than 85% in 2020 and more than 99% in 2022. This is consistent with the fact that good IDM can minimize co-infections and maintain body functions and the fact that COVID-19 has become less pathogenic (this fact was supported with three novel data in this report). Although IDM has been frequently implemented worldwide to some degree, IDM has not been highlighted sufficiently. Good IDM is relative, nonspecific, flexible, and feasible in many countries, and can reduce deaths of some other relatively mild infectious diseases. IDM, vaccines, and antivirals aid each other to reduce COVID-19 deaths.The IDM concept and strategy can aid people to improve their health behavior and fight against COVID-19 and future pandemics worldwide.

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“…The COVID‐19 vaccination program must be supported worldwide, especially in countries with low vaccination rate, which will be an effective strategy for preventing the virus circulation as well as the emergence of its novel VOCs (Islam et al, 2022 ; Mattiuzzi & Lippi, 2022 ). The COVID‐19 case fatality rate is not fixed but it changes with population, time, and other socioeconomic factors along with the mitigatory efforts of the countries (Ghayda et al, 2022 ). In some regions, vaccine hesitancy is observed which may be another possible reason for this never ending pandemic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS‐CoV‐2 and its variants of concern including Omicron: A never ending pandemic

Mohapatra¹,

Kuppili

Suvvari

et al. 2022

Chem Biol Drug Des

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The ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 is associated with high morbidity and mortality. This zoonotic virus has emerged in Wuhan of China in December 2019 from bats and pangolins probably and continuing the human‐to‐human transmission globally since last two years. As there is no efficient approved treatment, a number of vaccines were developed at an unprecedented speed to counter the pandemic. Moreover, vaccine hesitancy is observed that may be another possible reason for this never ending pandemic. In the meantime, several variants and mutations were identified and causing multiple waves globally. Now the safety and efficacy of these vaccines are debatable and recommended to determine whether vaccines are able to interrupt transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 variant of concern (VOC). Moreover, the VOCs continue to emerge that appear more transmissible and less sensitive to virus‐specific immune responses. In this overview, we have highlighted various drugs and vaccines used to counter this pandemic along with their reported side effects. Moreover, the preliminary data for the novel VOC “Omicron” are discussed with the existing animal models.

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The global case fatality rate of coronavirus disease 2019 by continents and national income: A meta‐analysis

Abstract: The aim of this study is to provide a more accurate representation of COVID-19's case fatality rate (CFR) by performing meta-analyses by continents and income, and by comparing the result with pooled estimates. We used multiple | ABOU GHAYDA ET AL.

Cited by 53 publications

References 24 publications

Dexamethasone and Nutraceutical Therapy Can Reduce the Myalgia Due to COVID-19 "&#".ord($0).";""&#".ord($0).";""&#".ord($0).";" a Systemic Review of the Active Substances that Can Reduce the Expression of Interlukin-6

Dexamethasone and Nutraceutical Therapy Can Reduce the Myalgia Due to COVID-19 "&#".ord($0).";""&#".ord($0).";""&#".ord($0).";" a Systemic Review of the Active Substances that Can Reduce the Expression of Interlukin-6

A highly powerful nonspecific strategy to reduce COVID‐19 deaths

SARS‐CoV‐2 and its variants of concern including Omicron: A never ending pandemic

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