The global epidemiology of bladder cancer: a joinpoint regression analysis of its incidence and mortality trends and projection

Abstract

We tested the hypotheses that the global incidence of bladder cancer was increasing but its mortality was reducing and its incidence was positively correlated with country-specific socioeconomic development. We retrieved data on age-standardized incidence and mortality rates/100,000 from the GLOBOCAN database in 2012. Temporal patterns were examined for 39 countries from the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents volumes I-X and other national registries. We evaluated the correlation between the incidence/mortality rates and Human Development Index (HDI)/ logarithmic values of Gross Domestic Product per capita (GDP). The average annual percent change of the incidence and mortality rates in the most recent 10 years was examined by joinpoint regression analysis. The highest incidence rates were observed in Southern Europe, Western Europe and North America. The mortality rates were the highest in Western Asia and Northern Africa. The incidence was positively correlated with HDI (r = 0.66 [men]; r = 0.50 [women]) and to a lesser extent logarithmic values of GDP per capita (r = 0.60 [men]; r = 0.50 [women], all p < 0.01). Many European countries experienced incidence rise. A substantial mortality reduction was observed in most countries, yet increases in mortality rates were observed in the Philippines and Iceland. These findings identified countries where more preventive actions are required.

National trends in urinary diversion over the past 20 years: an Australian study

“…17 This may be explained by increasing evidence that RC should be the standard of care in older people, a shift of procedures into the public system or improved diagnostic techniques leading to the diagnosis of more invasive disease, therefore requiring more invasive treatment. 15,18,19 This increase in RC rate is similar to that found in Germany, increasing by 31% between 2006 and 2014. 9 This study found no change in the proportion of continent reservoir UD or other method over the past 20 years.…”

“…This study found the annual number of cystectomies in Australia have approximately doubled over the last 20 years despite the number of new cases of bladder cancer only increasing by approximately 30% over this time . This may be explained by increasing evidence that RC should be the standard of care in older people, a shift of procedures into the public system or improved diagnostic techniques leading to the diagnosis of more invasive disease, therefore requiring more invasive treatment . This increase in RC rate is similar to that found in Germany, increasing by 31% between 2006 and 2014 …”

“…Common indications for RC and UD are localized muscle invasive bladder cancer or non-muscle invasive bladder cancer that is high risk or has failed to respond to intravesical treatment. 2,14 Internationally, the incidence of bladder cancer demonstrates significant regional variation with recent increases in many European countries, whereas other countries report stable or decreasing incidence, 15,16 suggested to parallel observed tobacco use prevalence, the main risk factor for bladder cancer development. 16 This study found the annual number of cystectomies in Australia have approximately doubled over the last 20 years despite the number of new cases of bladder cancer only increasing by approximately 30% over this time.…”

Association of NAD(P)H Quinine Oxidoreductase 1 rs1800566 Polymorphism with Bladder and Prostate Cancers – a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…Bladder cancer is one of the most common malignancies, with approximately 430,000 new cases dia gnosed worldwide, with 118,000 new cases and 52,000 deaths recorded in Europe in 2012 [1]. Bladder cancer is a heterogeneous dis ease appear ing in different forms, e. g. non-muscle invasive and muscle invasive.…”

“…It mainly affects elderly people and the average age at the time of dia gnosis is 73 years [2]. The leading risk factor for bladder cancer is tobacco use, with cigarette smokers showing an approximately threefold higher risk compared to non-smokers [1,3]. More over, prostate cancer is the most commonly dia gnosed cancer and the second lead ing cause of cancer deaths among men in the United States [4].…”