The Global Phosphorus Cycle

Ruttenberg, Kathleen C.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-095975-7.00813-5

Cited by 156 publications

(252 citation statements)

References 471 publications

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“…Fertilizer use, soil erosion, and the discharge of wastewater have more than doubled the global P load to watersheds compared with the inferred natural baseline (7)(8)(9)(10). Because P limits or colimits primary productivity of many aquatic ecosystems, increased river fluxes of P have been identified as a main cause of eutrophication of surface water bodies, including lakes and coastal marine environments (6,11,12).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Global phosphorus retention by river damming

Maavara

Parsons

Ridenour

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

380

193

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More than 70,000 large dams have been built worldwide. With growing water stress and demand for energy, this number will continue to increase in the foreseeable future. Damming greatly modifies the ecological functioning of river systems. In particular, dam reservoirs sequester nutrient elements and, hence, reduce downstream transfer of nutrients to floodplains, lakes, wetlands, and coastal marine environments. Here, we quantify the global impact of dams on the riverine fluxes and speciation of the limiting nutrient phosphorus (P), using a mechanistic modeling approach that accounts for the in-reservoir biogeochemical transformations of P. According to the model calculations, the mass of total P (TP) trapped in reservoirs nearly doubled between 1970 and 2000, reaching 42 Gmol y −1 , or 12% of the global river TP load in 2000. Because of the current surge in dam building, we project that by 2030, about 17% of the global river TP load will be sequestered in reservoir sediments. The largest projected increases in TP and reactive P (RP) retention by damming will take place in Asia and South America, especially in the Yangtze, Mekong, and Amazon drainage basins. Despite the large P retention capacity of reservoirs, the export of RP from watersheds will continue to grow unless additional measures are taken to curb anthropogenic P emissions.phosphorus | river damming | biogeochemical cycles | nutrient retention | eutrophication

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Global phosphorus retention by river damming

Maavara

Parsons

Ridenour

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

380

193

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“…The burial efficiency of total P, defined here as the percentage of the total P input at the sediment-water interface that is buried below 10-cm depth; (Jensen et al 1995) and of reactive P ('biologically available' P; (Ruttenberg 2003) was calculated from the burial rate of P at a depth of 10 cm and the measured phosphate efflux from the sediment following:…”

Section: Burial Efficiency Of Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reactive P is defined as the sum of exchangeable P, Febound P, organic P and authigenic Ca-P thus omitting detrital P that is assumed to be inert in marine environments (Ruttenberg 2003). Since authigenic-P could also be largely of detrital origin (Ruttenberg 2003), we also calculated the burial efficiency of the sum of exchangeable P, Fe-bound P and organic P. For site 3, the burial flux of reactive P was estimated from the total P flux assuming a similar P speciation as at site 2.…”

Section: Burial Efficiency Of Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Human activities on land, such as the widespread use of fertiliser and the release of waste water to streams and rivers have led to increased inputs of nutrients to many coastal environments since the 1950s (Beusen et al 2016;Diaz and Rosenberg 2008;Rabalais et al 2010;Ruttenberg 2003). Enhanced P availability in coastal systems can stimulate algal blooms and the development of bottomwater hypoxia (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mortimer 1941;Slomp et al 1996;Sundby et al 1992) or can be taken up by aerobic micro-organisms in the form of polyphosphates (Gächter and Meyer 1993;Ingall et al 1993), thereby preventing the escape of P to the overlying water. With the onset of bottom-water hypoxia, P bound to Fe-(oxyhydr)oxides and in polyphosphates is generally remobilised and released to the overlying water, where it can support primary productivity and contribute to the further development of hypoxia (Ingall et al 1993;Ruttenberg 2003). Some of the phosphate released to the pore water can also precipitate in the form of authigenic P minerals such as the calcium (Ca)-P mineral carbonate fluorapatite (Ruttenberg and Berner 1993;Slomp et al 1996) and vivianite, an Fe(II)-P mineral (Egger et al 2015;Jilbert and Slomp 2013;Martens et al 1978;März et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phosphorus Cycling and Burial in Sediments of a Seasonally Hypoxic Marine Basin

Sulu-Gambari

Hagens

Behrends

et al. 2017

Estuaries and Coasts

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Recycling of phosphorus (P) from sediments contributes to the development of bottom-water hypoxia in many coastal systems. Here, we present results of a year-long assessment of P dynamics in sediments of a seasonally hypoxic coastal marine basin (Lake Grevelingen, the Netherlands) in 2012. Sequential phosphorus extractions (SEDEX) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) indicate that P was adsorbed to Fe-(III)-(oxyhydr)oxides when cable bacteria were active in the surface sediments in spring. With the onset of summer h y p o x i a , s u l p h i d e -i n d u c e d d i s s o l u t i o n o f t h e Fe-(III)-(oxyhydr)oxides led to P release to the pore water and overlying water. The similarity in authigenic Ca-P concentrations in the sediment and suspended matter suggest that Ca-P is not formed in situ. The P burial efficiency was ≤ 32%. Hypoxia-driven sedimentary P recycling had a major impact on the water-column chemistry in the basin in 2012. Watercolumn monitoring data indicate up to ninefold higher surface water concentrations of phosphate in the basin in the late 1970s and a stronger hypoxia-driven seasonal P release from the sediment. The amplified release of P from the sediment in the past is attributed to the presence of a larger pool of Febound P in the basin prior to the first onset of hypoxia. Given that P is not limiting, primary production in the basin has not been affected by the decadal changes in P availability and recycling over the past 40 years. The changes in P dynamics on decadal time scales were not recorded in sediment profiles of total P or organic C/total P.

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Lowland fluvial phosphorus altered by dams

Zhou

Zhang

Lin

et al. 2015

Water Resources Research

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Dams affect ecosystems, but their physical link to the variations in fluvial fluxes and downstream ecological consequences are inadequately understood. After estimating the current effects of the Three Gorges project and other reservoirs upstream on the Yangtze River on the fluvial phosphorus (P) in the middle and lower Yangtze River, we further investigated the long-term effects of dams on the fluvial regimes of P and P-enriched sediment (PES). Simultaneously measured P distributions with sediment size (PDSS) from the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) proved that the areal density of particulate P (PP) bound on graded sediment can be measured using the surface area concentration of the total sediment. A PDSS relationship is obtained and the selective transport and long-term sedimentation of P are simulated using a nonuniform suspended sediment model, which incorporates the PDSS formula. The computations revealed that a reservoir would significantly lower the downstream availability of P in the dry season and promote high pulses of P in summer when the reservoir is flushed as sedimentation accumulates. As a result, the P buffering and replenishing mechanism in the pristine ecosystem from upstream supplies and local resuspension are permanently eliminated when a regulating reservoir is built upstream. This change is irreversible if reservoir regulation continues. Changes could potentially aggravate the existing P-limitation, decrease the water's ability to adjust nutrient/pollutant fluctuations, accumulate a greater surplus of carbon and nitrogen, and even exacerbate blooms in favorable conditions.

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The Global Phosphorus Cycle

Cited by 156 publications

References 471 publications

Global phosphorus retention by river damming

Global phosphorus retention by river damming

Phosphorus Cycling and Burial in Sediments of a Seasonally Hypoxic Marine Basin

Lowland fluvial phosphorus altered by dams

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