The Glycine max Conserved Oligomeric Golgi (COG) Complex Functions During a Defense Response to Heterodera glycines

Abstract

The conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex, functioning in retrograde trafficking, is a universal structure present among eukaryotes that maintains the correct Golgi structure and function. The COG complex is composed of eight subunits coalescing into two sub-complexes. COGs1–4 compose Sub-complex A. COGs5–8 compose Sub-complex B. The observation that COG interacts with the syntaxins, suppressors of the erd2-deletion 5 (Sed5p), is noteworthy because Sed5p also interacts with Sec17p [alpha soluble NSF attachment protein (α-SNAP)]. The α-SNAP gene is located within the major Heterodera glycines [soybean cyst nematode (SCN)] resistance locus ( rhg1 ) and functions in resistance. The study presented here provides a functional analysis of the Glycine max COG complex. The analysis has identified two paralogs of each COG gene. Functional transgenic studies demonstrate at least one paralog of each COG gene family functions in G. max during H. glycines resistance. Furthermore, treatment of G. max with the bacterial effector harpin, known to function in effector triggered immunity (ETI), leads to the induced transcription of at least one member of each COG gene family that has a role in H. glycines resistance. In some instances, altered COG gene expression changes the relative transcript abundance of syntaxin 31. These results indicate that the G. max COG complex functions through processes involving ETI leading to H. glycines resistance.

The impact of pRAP vectors on plant genetic transformation and pathogenesis studies including an analysis of BRI1-ASSOCIATED RECEPTOR KINASE 1 (BAK1)-mediated resistance

“…Data from 24 previously published experiments performed in different laboratories have been used in the comparative analyses Ibrahim et al 2011;Matsye et al 2012;Matthews et al 2013Matthews et al , 2014Youssef et al 2013aYoussef et al , 2013bPant et al 2014Pant et al , 2015aPant et al , 2015bWoo et al 2014;Maldonado et al 2014aMaldonado et al , 2014bSharma et al 2016Sharma et al , 2020McNeece et al 2017McNeece et al , 2019Lawaju et al 2018Lawaju et al , 2020Austin et al 2019;Niraula et al 2020aNiraula et al , 2020bNiraula et al , 2021. The data has been obtained from the appropriately cited works or unpublished data that was associated with the references.…”

“…The A. thaliana BAK1 protein sequence was used to BlastP query the G. max proteome housed at Phytozome using their default parameters (Goodstein et al 2012). The cloning, maintenance of H. glycines stocks, generation of transgenic plants and demonstration of relative transcript abundance has been performed according to Lawaju et al (2020). The H. glycines infection of G. max and enumeration of the effect the transgene has on parasitism has been performed through the calculation of the female index (FI) (Golden et al 1970).…”

“…The H. glycines infection of G. max and enumeration of the effect the transgene has on parasitism has been performed through the calculation of the female index (FI) (Golden et al 1970). The procedure was followed according to Lawaju et al (2020) for transgenic analyses by enumerating the hardened female carcass containing the eggs (cysts) and then calculating the FI where the FI = (Nx/Ns) × 100 (Golden et al 1970). Nx is the pRAP(15/17)-gene of interest (BAK1-1-OE/RNAi)transformed (experimental) root cyst count.…”

“…This objective would be met through genetic engineering of candidate G. max defense genes for overexpression or suppressed gene expression of pathogen genes through host-mediated expression of parasite genes (Klink and Wolniak 2000;Ibrahim et al 2011;Matsye et al 2012;Matthews et al 2013). The pRAP15 and pRAP17 plasmids have since been used for different studies, including the analysis of whole plant gene families (McNeece et al 2019;Lawaju et al 2020). An important aspect of the utility of the plasmids is whether they can be used to efficiently transform plant tissue.…”

“…Similar experiments have been performed in G. hirsutum to examine their effect on M. incognita (Pant et al 2015b;McNeece et al 2017;Niraula et al 2020a). The work summarized here spans 24 publications, incorporating transgenic research performed in G. max and G. hirsutum in examining the overexpression of G. max genes in G. max, ectopic expression of A. thaliana genes in G. max and heterologous expression (ectopic expression) of G. max genes in G. hirsutum, RNAi of G. max, H. glycines and M. incognita genes in G. max Ibrahim et al 2011;Matsye et al 2012;Matthews et al 2013Matthews et al , 2014Youssef et al 2013aYoussef et al , 2013bPant et al 2014Pant et al , 2015aPant et al , 2015bWoo et al 2014;Maldonado et al 2014aMaldonado et al , 2014bSharma et al 2016Sharma et al , 2020McNeece et al 2017McNeece et al , 2019Lawaju et al 2018Lawaju et al , 2020Austin 2). Not examined here is the expression of the phytoene desaturase 3 (PDS3) gene (NM_117498.3) in A. thaliana as an RNAi construct using pRAP17 which led to the development of seedlings deficient in chlorophyll maintenance (Youssef et al 2013a(Youssef et al , 2013b.…”