The grafts modified by heparinization and catalytic nitric oxide generation used for vascular implantation in rats

Abstract

Small-diameter (<6 mm) vascular grafts are increasingly needed in peripheral vascular surgery but have few successes because of acute thrombosis, incomplete endothelialization and intimal hyperplasia after implantation. This study used electrospun poly(ε-caprolactone) as the matrix material. Heparin and selenium-containing catalyst-organoselenium modified polyethyleneimine were introduced through layer-by-layer assembly in order to build a vascular graft with in situ nitric oxide (NO) generation. The aim of this study was to explore the application of the graft with improved histocompatibility and biological function for vascular implantation in rats. After implantation in rats, compared to poly(ε-caprolactone), the modified grafts could promote the adhesion and proliferation of endothelial cells, and inhibit the adhesion of smooth muscle cells. The modified grafts remarkably promoted endothelialization, inhibited intimal hyperplasia and increased the ratio of alternatively activated macrophages (M2) to classical activated macrophages (M1). This work constructed a vascular graft with heparinization and catalytic NO generation for improving the vascularization, and accelerating the tissue regeneration by regulating the inflammatory response. The present study indicates that it is a promising method for regulating response and tissue regeneration of small diameter vascular grafts by a novel approach of combining heparinization and catalytic NO generation.

Endothelium-Mimicking Multifunctional Coating Modified Cardiovascular Stents via a Stepwise Metal-Catechol-(Amine) Surface Engineering Strategy

“…In the presence of heparin, inflammatory cytokine expressions of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL1β were also reduced (Figure 8(h)). NO stimulates expression of collagenase matrix metalloproteinases-13 (MMP-13), which mediated the expression of iNOS and further promoted M1 macrophages transformation to M2 [67]. For the in vivo results, the Hep@NO-modified stents attenuated inflammatory and mediated macrophage polarization to M2 phenotype by downregulating inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α and IL-6 and upregulating M2 marker expression of IL-10.…”

Inhibition of in-stent restenosis after graphene oxide double-layer drug coating with good biocompatibility

“…In this study, we designed the stents coated with a new type of GO double layer to achieve anti-proliferation and anti-thrombosis. Dopamine (DA) was used to modify 316L stainless steel (316L SS) stents, in which the inner layer was coated with GO loaded with docetaxel (DTX) and the outer layer was coated with carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) loaded with heparin (Hep) [13, 14]. A series of in vitro and in vivo experiments were carried out to verify its effectiveness and biosafety.…”

Extracellular Matrix Mimicking Nanofibrous Scaffolds Modified With Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles for Improved Vascularization

“…These functions do not only depend on ECM's three-dimensional network, but also on its biological components (Huleihel et al, 2016 ). Electrospinning is a powerful technology to manufacture nano/microfibrous scaffolds that imitate the natural ECM architecture for allowing the integration of the scaffolds with surrounding cells and promoting tissue regeneration (Sarkar et al, 2006 ; Gao et al, 2018 ). We have successfully constructed electrospun scaffolds for various tissue regeneration applications, such as vascular tissue regeneration (Yu et al, 2012 ; Hao et al, 2020a ), wound healing (Lee et al, 2012 ), peripheral nerve regeneration (Wang et al, 2011 ; Zhu et al, 2011 ), spinal cord regeneration (Zhu et al, 2010 ; Saadai et al, 2011 ; Downing et al, 2012 ) and drug delivery (Qi et al, 2006 ).…”