The Grenz Zone

Abbas, Ossama; Mahalingam, Meera

doi:10.1097/dad.0b013e31824feb4e

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 48 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The Grenz zone is reported in 74% to 100% of cases of facial granuloma. 15 Immunohistochemical analysis of samples from this study revealed a superiority of CD8+ T cells compared with CD4+ T lymphocytes, differing from the current literature. 3,4,5,6,7,12 …”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Granuloma faciale: clinical, morphological and immunohistochemical aspects in a series of 10 patients

Oliveira

Ianhez²,

Marques

et al. 2016

An. Bras. Dermatol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Granuloma faciale is a chronic, benign, cutaneous vasculitis with well-established clinical and morphological patterns, but with an unknown etiology. This study describes clinical and pathologic aspects of patients diagnosed with granuloma faciale. The authors analyzed demographic, clinical, morphological and immunohistochemical data from patients with a final diagnosis of granuloma faciale, confirmed between 1998 and 2012. There was a proportional and mixed inflammatory infiltrate, Grenz zones were present in almost all the samples. Immunophenotyping confirmed a higher intensity of T lymphocytes than B lymphocytes in thirteen samples, with a predominance of T CD8 lymphocytes in 64% of cases, in contrast to the literature, which indicates that the major component is T CD4 lymphocytes. All cases were positive for IgG4 but the majority (12/14) had less than 25% of stained cells. The pathogenesis of granuloma faciale remains poorly understood, making studies of morphological and immunohistochemical characterization important to better understand it.

show abstract

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…7,8 Interestingly, in granuloma faciale lesions, basal keratinocytes do not express ICAM-1, restricting the migration of inflammatory cells into the epidermis, forming the characteristic Grenz zone. 13-15 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Granuloma faciale: clinical, morphological and immunohistochemical aspects in a series of 10 patients

Oliveira

Ianhez²,

Marques

et al. 2016

An. Bras. Dermatol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…2,11,[27][28][29][30] Our study, performed in a Middle Eastern Lebanese population, confirmed these findings, although the present frequency (10%) was slightly lower than those reported elsewhere. 36 Historically thought to be an exclusive feature of granuloma faciale, this feature has also been demonstrated in other cutaneous inflammatory conditions, and neoplastic benign and malignant tumors, as well as infectious entities. Our findings thus confirm that sarcoidosis and granulomatous foreign body reaction are not mutually exclusive.…”

Section: (A) (B)mentioning

confidence: 93%

“…[31][32][33][34][35] A novel interesting histopathologic feature observed in our study concerned the presence in 5% of cases of a grenz zone, which is defined as a narrow area of the papillary dermis uninvolved by underlying pathology. 36 Historically thought to be an exclusive feature of granuloma faciale, this feature has also been demonstrated in other cutaneous inflammatory conditions, and neoplastic benign and malignant tumors, as well as infectious entities. To (a) (b) Figure 6 (a, b) Histopathology of a biopsy taken in a case with systemic involvement shows a foreign body (arrow).…”

Section: (A) (B)mentioning

confidence: 93%

Cutaneous sarcoidosis: clinicopathologic study of 76 patients from Lebanon

et al. 2014

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Another characteristic feature of an acquired elastotic hemangioma was the prominent solar elastosis of the collagen bundles surrounding and intermingled with the proliferation of capillaries. In addition, the overlying epidermis was either normal or atrophic and was separated from the vascular proliferation by a grenz zone - a narrow band of the papillary dermis uninvolved by underlying pathology [ 12 ]. The presence of either a perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate (Table 1 , Case 1) or extravasated erythrocytes and focal hemosiderin (Table 1 , Case 9) were considered to be coincidental findings in two of the women from our case series.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acquired Elastotic Hemangioma: Case Series and Comprehensive Literature Review

Cohen

Hinds

2017

Cureus

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundAcquired elastotic hemangioma is a benign vascular proliferation that typically presents as an asymptomatic red plaque on a sun-exposed site of an adult.Material and MethodsThe PubMed database was used to search the following words: acquired, angioma, arm, basal, carcinoma, cell, elastosis, elastotic, exposed, forearm, hemangioma, solar, sun, and vascular. The relevant papers and reference cited generated by the search were reviewed. The features from a case series of 11 patients with acquired elastotic hemangioma are presented. In addition, a comprehensive review of the characteristics of this unique hemangioma—not only in our 11 patients but also in the previously reported 34 individuals with this lesion—is provided.ResultsAcquired elastotic hemangioma, reported in 45 patients (24 women and 21 men), typically appeared as an asymptomatic solitary red plaque in sun-exposed areas—most commonly the forearm--of adults aged 50 years or older. The pathology shows a proliferation of vascular channels—surrounded and intertwined by intense solar elastosis--in the upper dermis, located parallel to the overlying epidermis, and separated from it by a zone of normal-appearing superficial papillary dermis. There was extensive solar elastosis surrounding and between the new blood vessels; some of the endothelial cells protrude (in a hob-nail pattern) into the vessel lumen. The clinical differential diagnosis includes basal cell carcinoma and the pathologic differential diagnosis includes other benign, malignant, and reactive vascular lesions. Ultraviolet radiation may contribute to the pathogenesis of this hemangioma since it occurs on sun-exposed sites. There was no recurrence of the lesion following either excision or observation.ConclusionsThe possibility of acquired elastotic hemangioma should be considered by clinicians when they encounter an older individual with a new red plaque on a sun-exposed site that clinically appears to be a superficial basal cell carcinoma.

show abstract

The Grenz Zone

Cited by 19 publications

References 48 publications

Granuloma faciale: clinical, morphological and immunohistochemical aspects in a series of 10 patients

Granuloma faciale: clinical, morphological and immunohistochemical aspects in a series of 10 patients

Cutaneous sarcoidosis: clinicopathologic study of 76 patients from Lebanon

Acquired Elastotic Hemangioma: Case Series and Comprehensive Literature Review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About