The Growth of Isolated Plant Embryos

Buckner, Gregory D.; Kastle, Joseph H.

doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)86784-9

Cited by 14 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Dubard et al explained the prominence of reserve tissues, such as endosperm and cotyledons, in embryo development, although their absolute role was elusive [41]. Furthermore, lima bean embryos without cotyledons were cultured in sucrose-containing media and showed significantly ameliorated growth [42]. Andronescu experiments with Zea mays described the eminence of scutellum [43].…”

Section: Historical Background Of Embryo Rescuementioning

confidence: 99%

Widening Genetic Diversity Using Embryo Rescue in Cucurbit Crops: A Review

Reddy,

Ramireddy,

Reddy

2024

Plants

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Embryo rescue is a vital technique in cucurbit breeding and propagation, addressing challenges such as embryo abortion, poor seed viability, and incompatibility barriers. This method involves the excision of immature embryos from seeds followed by their in vitro culture on a nutrient medium, providing an environment conducive to their growth and development. In cucurbits, embryo rescue has been extensively utilized to overcome barriers to hybridization, enabling the production of interspecific and intergeneric hybrids with desired traits. Various factors, including genotype, developmental stage of embryos, and culture conditions, influence the success of embryo rescue in cucurbits. Optimal nutrient formulations, growth regulators, and culture techniques are critical for promoting embryo germination, shoot elongation, and subsequent plantlet establishment. Additionally, embryo rescue facilitates the recovery of valuable genetic material from wild and exotic cucurbit species, expanding genetic diversity and developing novel cultivars with improved traits such as disease resistance, yield, and quality. This review highlights the principles, applications, and advancements in embryo rescue technology in cucurbits, emphasizing its significance in cucurbit breeding programs and crop improvement efforts.

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Section: Historical Background Of Embryo Rescuementioning

confidence: 99%

Widening Genetic Diversity Using Embryo Rescue in Cucurbit Crops: A Review

Reddy,

Ramireddy,

Reddy

2024

Plants

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“…Other studies have shown the favorable action of reserve tissues, such as endosperm and cotyledons, in embryo development, although their indispensability was not specifically established [35]. Nevertheless, the reduced growth of Phaseolus lanatus embryos deprived of cotyledons and cultured in distilled water solidified with agar was significantly improved by adding glucose or an extract containing reducing sugar from cotyledons of germinated seeds [36]. Andronescu [37] observed the stunted growth of maize (Zea mays) seedlings from embryos lacking scutellum, demonstrating the importance of this organ in the absorption of essential nutrients for the development of monocot embryos.…”

Section: The Origins Of Embryo Rescue: a Brief Historical Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embryo Rescue in Plant Breeding

Rogo,

Fambrini,

Pugliesi

2023

Plants

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Embryo rescue (ER) techniques are among the oldest and most successful in vitro tissue culture protocols used with plant species. ER refers to a series of methods that promote the development of an immature or lethal embryo into a viable plant. Intraspecific, interspecific, or intergeneric crosses allow the introgression of important alleles of agricultural interest from wild species, such as resistance or tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses or morphological traits in crops. However, pre-zygotic and post-zygotic reproductive barriers often present challenges in achieving successful hybridization. Pre-zygotic barriers manifest as incompatibility reactions that hinder pollen germination, pollen tube growth, or penetration into the ovule occurring in various tissues, such as the stigma, style, or ovary. To overcome these barriers, several strategies are employed, including cut-style or graft-on-style techniques, the utilization of mixed pollen from distinct species, placenta pollination, and in vitro ovule pollination. On the other hand, post-zygotic barriers act at different tissues and stages ranging from early embryo development to the subsequent growth and reproduction of the offspring. Many crosses among different genera result in embryo abortion due to the failure of endosperm development. In such cases, ER techniques are needed to rescue these hybrids. ER holds great promise for not only facilitating successful crosses but also for obtaining haploids, doubled haploids, and manipulating the ploidy levels for chromosome engineering by monosomic and disomic addition as well substitution lines. Furthermore, ER can be used to shorten the reproductive cycle and for the propagation of rare plants. Additionally, it has been repeatedly used to study the stages of embryonic development, especially in embryo-lethal mutants. The most widely used ER procedure is the culture of immature embryos taken and placed directly on culture media. In certain cases, the in vitro culture of ovule, ovaries or placentas enables the successful development of young embryos from the zygote stage to maturity.

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Growth of the Embryo of Ginkgo Biloba Under Experimental Conditions. Iii. Growth Rates of Root and Shoot Upon Media Absorbed Through the Cotyledons

Ball

1959

American J of Botany

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Ball, Ernest. (North Carolina State Coll., Raleigh.) Growth of the embryo of Ginkgo biloba under experimental conditions. III. Growth rates of root and shoot upon media absorbed through the cotyledons. Amer. Jour. Bot. 46(2) : 130‐139. Illus. 1959.—Mature embryos of Ginkgo biloba were grown by inserting the cotyledons into agar medium containing one of the naturally‐occurring sugars of the seed. These sugars were utilized at 1, 2, 4, 8 or 16% (w/v). Root growth was best on the sugar‐mineral‐water media and occurred at its maximum in media containing 4% sugar (ca. 0.25 M). The sugars may be listed as follows in order of decreasing effectiveness in root growth: glucose, sucrose, levulose, raffinose, galactose. Since very different growth rates of roots occurred on media of the same osmotic values when the latter were determined by the various sugars, it is suggested that the root utilized the entire sugar molecule as a unit whether it was mono‐, di‐, or trisaccharide. Such media were not effective in supporting shoot growth. Outstanding growth of shoots was obtained when either glutamine or coconut milk was placed in the culture medium. It is concluded that root growth can occur at a substantial rate by utilizing sugar and manufacturing organic nitrogen from nitrates. Shoot growth, in contrast, appears to require sources of organic nitrogen such as may be furnished by glutamine or coconut milk. These phenomena are thought to constitute fundamental differences between the metabolism of root and shoot of this embryo. Mannitol caused severe inhibition of growth of both root and shoot. It is probably toxic to this embryo. Indoleacetic acid caused severe inhibitions of growth of both root and shoot at all except the lowest concentrations utilized.

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The Growth of Isolated Plant Embryos

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

Widening Genetic Diversity Using Embryo Rescue in Cucurbit Crops: A Review

Widening Genetic Diversity Using Embryo Rescue in Cucurbit Crops: A Review

Embryo Rescue in Plant Breeding

Growth of the Embryo of Ginkgo Biloba Under Experimental Conditions. Iii. Growth Rates of Root and Shoot Upon Media Absorbed Through the Cotyledons

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