The growth of lambs grazing on perennial ryegrass, tall fescue and cocksfoot, with and without white clover, as related to the botanical and chemical composition of the pasture and pattern of fermentation in the rumen

Grimes, R. C.; Watkin, B. R.; Gallagher, J. Roswell

doi:10.1017/s0021859600017809

Cited by 30 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The marked advantage of legumes over grasses in this respect is suggested to be a combination of a higher voluntary dry matter intake of the legumes (McLean et al 1965;Grimes et al 1967). a high proportion of propionic to acetic acid in the rumen liquor (Johns.…”

Section: (B) Carcass Weightmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ulyatt. and Glenday 1963;McLean et al 1965;Grimes et al 1967); and more efficient utilisation of energy by animals ingesting legumes (Joyce and Newth 1967).…”

Section: (B) Carcass Weightmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous studies in New Zealand (McLean, Thomson, Iversen, Jagusch, and Lawson 1962;McLean, Thomson, Jagusch, and Lawson 1965;Rae, Brougham, Glenday, and Butler 1963;Rae, Brougham, and Barton 1964;Hight andSinclair 1965, 1967) and Australia (Gallagher, Watkin, and Grimes 1966;Grimes, Watkin, and Gallagher 1967) have demonstrated the markedly superior live-weight gains of sheep grazing pure leguminous pastures, or pastures containing a high proportion of legumes, compared to those of sheep grazing predominantly grass. With the exception of Barton and Ulyatt (1963), who worked with ewes, and Gallagher and Watkin (1966), who used "net fleshing index" * Lincoln College, Canterbury N. Z.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The influence of pasture species and exogenous oestrogen treatment on the live-weight gain and carcass composition of lambs

Nicol

McLean

1970

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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The live-weight gain, carcass weight, and carcass composition of wether lambs grazing two different pasture species have been studied.The 56 lambs (by Dorset Down rams out of Border Leicester X Corriedale ewes) of approximately 8 weeks of age were randomised to four treatment groups. Two of the groups were grazed on pure perennial ryegrass and two on pure lucerne for 7 weeks before slaughter. Seven of the lambs in each of the treatment groups received 336 )Lg diethylstilboestrol by subcutaneous injection weekly. Carcass composition was determined by chemical analyses.The lambs grazed on lucerne grew at 0.37 kg/day, 76% faster than those on perennial ryegrass (0.21 kg/day). The hot carcasses of the lucerne-grazed group were 7.0 kg heavier than those of the perennial ryegrass group and differed in composition (+ 3.7% fat, -3.1% water, + 0.8% protein, no difference in ash). This difference in carcass composition is explained by the increase in carcass weight.Oestrogen treatment enhanced live-weight gain (+ 0.04 kg/day); did not affect hot carcass weight; reduced the fat content of the carcass by 2%; and increased the water content by a similar figure. These results are discussed in relation to previous work on pure pasture species and implantation of diethylstilboestrol, and brief reference is made to the relative rates of growth of the carcass components.

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Section: (B) Carcass Weightmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ulyatt. and Glenday 1963;McLean et al 1965;Grimes et al 1967); and more efficient utilisation of energy by animals ingesting legumes (Joyce and Newth 1967).…”

Section: (B) Carcass Weightmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The influence of pasture species and exogenous oestrogen treatment on the live-weight gain and carcass composition of lambs

Nicol

McLean

1970

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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“…It is possible, that this superiority was due to the slightly higher WSC content of tetraploid varieties (Smith et al 2001;Gilliland et al 2002). Grimes et al (1967) also found strong positive correlation between WSC content and intake and liveweight gain of lambs. On the basis of published data, it is suggested that increased WSC, particularly in the vegetative leaf and in the summer/autumn period when CP is frequently in excess, would improve herbage quality.…”

Section: Conclusion and Grass Breeding Strategymentioning

confidence: 87%

“…High WSC content is an important breeding goal for milk production and liveweight gain. Over a range of species, Grimes et al (1967) found strong positive correlation between WSC content and intake and liveweight gain of lambs. In the last decade, few improved ryegrass varieties had been bred for increase WSC concentration, in UK (Wilkins and Lovatt 2007;Wilkins et al 2010), and New Zealand (Rasmussen et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Environmental and Genetic Variation for Water Soluble Carbohydrate Content in Cool Season Forage Grasses

Jafari¹

2012

Carbohydrates - Comprehensive Studies on Glycobiology and Glycotechnology

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Polyphenol oxidase activity in grass and its effect on plant‐mediated lipolysis and proteolysis of Dactylis glomerata (cocksfoot) in a simulated rumen environment

et al. 2006

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Little is known about the level or activity of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) in grasses and its potential impact on proteolysis and lipolysis. Six grass species were initially screened for PPO activity (740.6, 291.9, 213.6, 119.0, 16.3 and 6.5 U g −1 fresh weight (FW) for cocksfoot, hybrid ryegrass, Italian ryegrass, perennial ryegrass, timothy and tall fescue respectively). Cocksfoot, which expressed the highest activity, was then used to determine the effect of PPO on plant-mediated proteolysis and lipolysis in a simulated rumen environment. Sourced cocksfoot was macerated and incubated in an antibiotic-containing anaerobic medium with or without ascorbate to deactivate PPO in the dark at 39 • C over five time points. At each time point (0, 1, 2, 6 and 24 h), six replicate samples were destructively harvested; three of the replicates were used for lipid analysis and the other three for protein, free amino acid and bound phenol determination. Characterisation of the herbage showed PPO activities of 649.6 and 0 U g −1 FW, which were reflected in the extent of phenol (derived from quinones) binding to protein after 24 h of incubation, namely 65.1 and 29.6 mg bound phenol g −1 protein (P < 0.001) for cocksfoot and cocksfoot + ascorbate respectively. Proteolysis, measured as free amino acids released into the incubation buffer, was significantly reduced (P < 0.001) with increasing PPO activity, with values after the 24 h incubation of 0.03 and 0.07 mmol L −1 g −1 FW for cocksfoot and cocksfoot + ascorbate respectively. Lipolysis, measured as the proportional decline in the membrane lipid polar fraction, was likewise reduced (P < 0.001) with increasing PPO activity, with values after the 24 h incubation of 0.43 and 0.65 for cocksfoot and cocksfoot + ascorbate respectively. Changes that occurred in protein and the lipid fractions (polar fraction, monoacylglycerol + diacylglycerol, triacylglycerol and free fatty acids) during the incubations are also reported and discussed. These results support the selection of forages high in PPO activity to reduce protein and lipid losses in silo and potentially in the rumen. INTRODUCTIONThe enzyme polyphenol oxidase (PPO) is a copper metalloprotein which catalyses both the hydroxylation of monophenols to o-diphenols and the oxidation of o-diphenols to o-quinones. 1 The PPO-generated o-quinones are highly reactive, electrophilic molecules which covalently modify and crosslink a variety of nucleophilic cellular constituents, such as proteins, amines and amides, leading to the formation of melanin pigments. 2 These addition products may be further oxidised to their respective quinines, and a second addition may occur resulting in the formation of crosslinked protein complexes. It has been demonstrated that such protein-phenol complexes are resistant to enzymatic digestion by proteases including trypsin, α-chymotrypsin and pepsin. 3 Lee et al. 4 have shown that the PPO enzyme can reduce the extent of both plant-mediated proteolysis and

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The growth of lambs grazing on perennial ryegrass, tall fescue and cocksfoot, with and without white clover, as related to the botanical and chemical composition of the pasture and pattern of fermentation in the rumen

Abstract: 1. An experiment was conducted in which lambs grazed on pastures of cocksfoot, ryegrass and tall fescue grown with and without white clover, as well as on pastures of pure white clover.

Cited by 30 publications

References 22 publications

The influence of pasture species and exogenous oestrogen treatment on the live-weight gain and carcass composition of lambs

The influence of pasture species and exogenous oestrogen treatment on the live-weight gain and carcass composition of lambs

Environmental and Genetic Variation for Water Soluble Carbohydrate Content in Cool Season Forage Grasses

Polyphenol oxidase activity in grass and its effect on plant‐mediated lipolysis and proteolysis of Dactylis glomerata (cocksfoot) in a simulated rumen environment

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