“…The organisms that form these substrates are considered ecosystem engineers, increasing local habitat complexity and therefore infl uencing biodiversity patterns (Voultsiadou et al, 2007). Biogenic substrates such as sponges (Duarte & Nalesso, 1996;Ribeiro et al, 2003;Marin, 2007;Garcia et al, 2009), sabellariid polychaetes (Nalesso et al, 1995;Bosa & Masunari, 2002a,b), bryozoans (Conradi et al, 2000;Morgado & Tanaka, 2001), mussels (Jacobi, 1987;O'Connor & Crowe, 2007), barnacles (Crain & Bertness, 2006), ascidians (Castilla et al, 2004) and macroalgae (Tararam & Wakabara, 1981;Masunari, 1982;Jacobucci & Leite, 2002;Tanaka & Leite, 2003) shelter a rich and diverse fauna in varied types of association, including commensalism, mutualism and parasitism.…”